294 On the Flat-horned Taurine Cattle of 8. E. Asia. [No. 3. 



is nearly as high as a female Elephant : the small one is of a reddish- 

 brown ; it is the Tenasserim ' Bison,' and the Arakanese call them 

 by the same name as the Burmese do. These Gayals are perfectly 

 distinct from the Shio of the Kookies, which are smaller, have 

 a projecting skin to their neck, and differ also by the form and 

 direction of their horns." Now the Shio or Shidl of the Mughs is, 

 for certain, the true Gayal (G. frontalis),* as indeed indicated by 

 the " projecting skin to their neck ;" this species having the dewlap 

 much more developed than in the Gaour (Gr. gatjb.us) and Banteng or 

 Tsoing (G. sondaicus), which last I believe to be M. Barbe's smaller 

 species " of a reddish-brown," as I have ascertained his larger species 

 to be the Gaour (which has hardly even a trace of dewlap). But 

 the Gaour and not the Banteng is the 'Bison' of Anglo-Indian 

 sportsmen on both sides of the Bay of Bengal ;f the Banteng being 

 currently known as the ' wild Ox' of the Indo-Chinese countries. M. 

 Barbe has therefore erroneously identified his smaller kind with the 

 Tenasserim ' Bison,' and is also wrong in applying the name Bos 

 frontalis to either of his species, as obviously so to both of them. 



Soon after the publication of the foregoing notice, I had some 

 conversation on the subject with M. Barbe, and have fortunately 

 preserved a written memorandum of that conversation, intended for 

 publication at the time, though it has not hitherto appeared in print. 

 I did not then recognise the third species ; indeed, at that time, I had 

 much less knowledge of the Banteng than I have at present : but I now 

 give the memo, as originally written : — 



" M. Barbe had informed me, that, besides the common Gayal (Bos 

 frontalis), the Kukis of the interior of the Chittagong hills had a 

 very different species of Bos in a state of complete domestication 

 the exact species of which I could not satisfactorily make out from 

 his description ; when, luckily, he remembered that he possessed a 

 horn of one of those tame animals, and, to my very considerable 

 surprise, it proved to be that of a Gaour, or (so-called) ' Bison' of 

 Anglo-Indian sportsmen, an animal which is commonly reputed to 

 be untameable. The huge beasts are, however, stated to be most 



* Vide As. Xe*. VIII, 488. 



t In Orissa, the Gaour is known to sportsmen and others as the 'Gayal;' 

 although the natives of the province style and pronounce it Goor. The names, 

 of course, being branches or ramifications of the same root. 



