1S60.] On the Flat-horned Taurine Cattle of S. F. Asia. 299 



dually disappears behind. The rump also is nearly as much squared 

 as in European cattle. Dewlap moderate, with a different outline 

 from that of the Gayal, more as in the B. tatjrus. Colour of the 

 calf bright chesnut, with a black tail-tuft, and also a black dorsal 

 line commencing from where the ridge should terminate behind ;* 

 the white stockings having much rufous intermixture at this age. 

 The cows are deeper-coloured, being of a rich light bay ; and the 

 old bulls are blackish, — both however relieved by the white on the 

 legs, buttocks, lips, and hair lining the ears, which last are scarcely 

 so large as in the Gaour and Gayal, but of similar shape. The de- 

 scription here given is drawn up from Dr. S. Midler's elaborately 

 careful coloured figures. 



The Banteng inhabits Borneo, Java, and Bali, and I strongly 

 incline to the opinion that the Gaour, Gayal, and Banteng alike 

 inhabit the Malayan peninsula and Tenasserim provinces ; the Gayal, 

 probabiy, being confined to a certain altitude upon the mountains. 

 Capt. (since General) Low distinctly indicates three species in the 

 Malayan peninsula, besides the Buffalo, in As. Fes. XVIII, 159. 

 He mentions — "The Bison [Gaour], which is found of a very large 

 size in Thedda, the head [forehead] being of a fawn colour : the 

 wild Ox [Gayal ?] of the «ize of a large Buffalo ; and also a species 

 [Banteng ?] resembling in every respect the domestic Ox." There is, 

 indeed, the skull of a bull Banteng divested of its horns, labelled 

 " from the Keddah coast," in the London United Service Museum ;t 

 and the considerable resemblance of this animal to the humpless 

 domestic cattle of Europe has been mentioned repeatedly. Thus the 

 late Major Berdmore, writing of it from the valley of the Sitang 

 river, remarks — " They are by no means so common here as they 

 are to the south. I have often been in the midst of very large 

 herds of them, and they appeared to me to be very like red do- 

 mesticated cows." Heifer (no great authority, yet) notices three 

 species of wild cattle, besides the Buffalo, in the Tenasserim pro- 

 vinces. He tells us that — " The great Bos gaurus is rather rare, but 

 Bison guodus [evidently a misprint for gavceus,^ i. e. Bos gavceus of 



* This black list is also conspicuous in the calves of both the Gaour and the 

 Gayal, extending both over the dorsal ridge and behind it. 

 t Figured in J. A. S. XI, 470, figs. 1, 2, and 3. 

 X The words may be written to look very much alike. 



2 q 2 



