300 On the Flat-homed Taurine Cattle of S. IE. Asia. [Xo. 3, 



Colebrooke, or the Gayal,] very common ; besides another small kind 

 of Cow, called by the Burmese Fhain, of which I saw footprints, 

 but never the living animal."* He does not mention the Gayal as 

 domesticated in the provinces ; and I am not aware that any other 

 writer has there noticed it at all. Still, I consider it highly probable 

 that the Grayal, in addition to the Graour and Banteng for certain, 

 extends to the more elevated regions of the Malayan peninsula.f 



The Banteng is the only species of the three which has been 

 observed in certain of the great islands of the archipelago. The 

 existence of a " wild Ox" in Borneo was long ago noticed by Beckman, 

 as cited by Pennant, who also recorded the occurrence of such an 

 animal in Java, and had likewise (as we have seen) obtained intelli- 

 gence of one " with white horns" in the Indo-Chinese countries. 

 In Java, according to Raffles, "it is found chiefly in the forests 

 eastward of Pasuran, and in Bali, though it also occurs in other 

 parts of Java." Br. S. Muller remarks that the Banteng is found 

 in Java in territories which are seldom visited by man, as well in 

 the forests of the plains and of the coast, as in those of the moun- 

 tains up to 4,000 ft., where it is tolerably common. " We have 

 likewise seen traces of it," he adds, "in Borneo, and have even 

 received a calf from the Dyaks about a month old. According to 

 Raffles, it is also found in Bali, but in Sumatra it does not appear to 

 exist." In the N. E. peninsula of Borneo it would seem to be numer- 

 ous. Thus, in a ' Sketch of Borneo,' published in Moor's Notes of the 

 Indian Archipelago, the writer remarks — " During the wet season, 

 the rivers swell and overflow their adjacent shores, and run down 

 with such continued rapidity, that the water may be tasted fresh 

 at sea at a distance of six or seven miles from their mouths. * * * 

 In the dry season the coast, from these overflowings, presents to the 

 eye the richest enamelled fields of full grown grass for miles around. 

 It is at this season that whole herds of wild cattle range down from 

 the mountains of the interior to fatten on the plains, but during the 



* J. A. S. VIII, 860. 



t The two species- of Malayan wild cattle noticed as the Sapi and the Sapair- 

 dang, in the ' Journal of the Indian Archipelago' IV, 354 (as cited in J. A. S. 

 XXI, 433), refer, as I am now satisfied, to the Gaour and the wild Buffalo. 

 Dr. Cantor describes the Gaour to be "numerous in the Malayan peninsula," 

 where known as the Sapi utan (literally 'wild Cow'), J. A. S. XV, 273. But he 

 enumerates neither the Gayal nor Banteng in the peninsular fauna. 



