1S75.J inhabiting the Himalaya, Tibet, and the adjoining regions. 115 



distinguished two species ; A. bobac (with A. Tibetanus and Himalaganus of 

 Hodgson and A. caudatus of Jacquemont as synonyms) and A. Hemnchala- 

 nus. Fitzinger in his ' Versueh einer natiirlichen Anordnung der Nager- 

 thiere' enumerates two Himalayan and Tibetan species of Arctomgs, which 

 he calls A. Tataricus, James, (with, as synonyms, A. Himalaganus, Hodgs. 

 A. bobac, Gray, and A. caudatns, Gieb.) and A. caudatus, Isid. Geoffr. 



In Dr. Falconer's posthumous ' Palseontological Memoirs' there is an 

 excellent description of the common marmot of Western Tibet with a full 

 account of the animal's habits. He calls the species A. Tibetana, and in a 

 note by the editor it is apparently identified with A. Himalaganus, an 

 identification which, as I shall shew hereafter, is incorrect. 



Dr. Anderson in 1871* distinguished two species of marmot from 

 Ladak and the Kuenluen mountains, one of which he identified as A. bobac 

 (with Mus arctomgs, Pallas, Arctomgs fulvus, Evers., A. Himalaganus and 

 A. Tibetanus, Hodgs. A. caudatus, Jacquemont, A. bobac, Gray, Horsfield, 

 Bbyth, and Stoliczka, and A. Tibetanus, Adams as synonyms), the other 

 with A. Hemachalanus (synonyms — A. bobac of Adams and partly of Blyth 

 and Stoliczka). 



In 1870, MM. Milne-Edwards described Arctomgs robustus from Mo u " 

 pin in Eastern Tibet. And I may conclude these notices by a reference to 

 M. Severtzoff's work ' Turkestanskie Jevotnie,' in which A. baibacinus, 

 Brandt and A. caudatus, Geof. are said to be found in Western Turkestan. 

 Unfortunately the work in question is entirely in Russian and several of the 

 identifications are incorrect, so that it is impossible to feel any certainty as 

 to the animal which Severtzoff has identified with A. caudatus. I think it 

 improbable that the Kashmir marmot is really found in Russian Turkestan. 

 It is more probable that the species is the A. aureus described on a previous 

 pagef from the specimens obtained by the late Dr. Stoliczka at the Kaskasu 

 pass between Yarkand and the Pamir. 



I may here state at once that I have reason to believe that, besides 

 A. robustus, there are not two, but three species of Himalayan or Tibetan 

 marmots, and that a great part of the confusion in the nomenclature is due 

 to this circumstance. 



In the synonymy above quoted one name frequently occurs, which ap- 

 pears to me to have been admitted by mistake. This is Arctomgs fulvus, 

 Eversman. Blyth gives no reference ; Gray, in the British Museum Cat. 

 p. 148, gives Griffith, A. K. t. 118, and, as Anderson gives precisely the same, 



* The title of Dr. Anderson's paper in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society 

 ' On some rodents from Yarkand' is unfortunate, for only two of the four species de- 

 scribed had been obtained in Turkestan territory and not one was from the neighbour- 

 hood of Yarkand, whilst all four are found in Ladak. 



t Ante, p. 109 of this volume. 



