1875.] Glacial Action in the Nuga Sills. 211 



forming with that strike the Kopamedza range. This sudden depression in 

 the range, marked by the removal of the Tertiaries, stretches far away 

 to the south, into the depression of the valley of Munipur, which is in fact 

 the continuation of the same great lateral axis of elevation. The high N 

 N E, S SW ridge of Tertiary sandstones, rising 7000—8000 feet, bounds 

 the valley of Munipur for 80 miles, and marks its eastern boundary, 

 coming in again at the Maphitel ridge, which bounds the valley on the east. 



It is in the gorges draining to the Zullo river that the best examples 

 of glacial action are to be seen, the moraine in the Gaziarurh being the 

 largest. The tributaries of the Mazierh ravine under Japvo are numerous, 

 and fall very suddenly from the ridge above ; descending from the peak 

 into the gorge, just below where they unite, and leaving the more confined 

 part, and proceeding down the valley, the first signs of ice-action consist of 

 narrow irregular terraces ; until arriving at a lateral ravine at the north side 

 of the valley, where a clearly defined small moraine projects out into the 

 main valley of the Mazierh, to the level surface of its moraine, and would 

 (when the glacier existed) have formed one of those little side lakes, so 

 often seen in glaciated ground, just above the point of junction with a 

 lateral and main glacier. Passing this side ravine, the path led along the 

 flat surface of the moraine for half a mile, which widened gradually as the 

 valley opened, and we then descended 200 feet into the bed of the stream. 

 Enormous blocks shew out on the sides of the even-cut slope at an angle 

 of 45°, and also lie near and in the bed of the present stream, the face of 

 the slope being here very straight. The sketch (PI. X) taken looking up 

 the valley and one of the lateral moraine (PI. XII, Fig. 1) will eluci- 

 date this feature. Just in a direct line opposite Kigwemah, the moraine 

 ends at 4 miles from its source, with a terminal slope of 45°, and the stream 

 descends rapidly to join the Zullo about 7 miles further down. The debris 

 composing this mass of transported material having been derived from Terti- 

 ary sandstones all more or less soft, which have quickly broken up and become 

 disintegrated, much of it must have been reduced to a state of mud and sand 

 long before it arrived at Kigwemah, and hence it is that these moraines of the 

 Naga Hills differ from those of the Himalaya and Alps, where the rocks are of 

 various kinds, and often extremely hard, retaining their angular forms after 

 travelling for a great distance. The level surface of the Mazierh moraine is now 

 cultivated and terraced for the rice irrigation, and the sub-angular blocks and 

 stones that formerly covered the surface have been used to build the walls of 

 the terraces ; the former distribution on the surface has thus been effaced, yet 

 here and there collections of stones too large and heavy for removal by man 

 still remain to shew that they moved down in the usual continuous line. 



Proceeding south from Kigwemah, and reaching the next gorge at 

 Zakameh, the scenery near it is most lovely, and the old moraine features 



