212 H. H. Godwin-Austen — On the Evidence of past [No. 3, 



are very well displayed. At the point where the stream, the Gaziarurh, leaves 

 the gorge, the broad flat expanse commences and extends down the valley 

 for quite 1J miles. After proceeding down and crossing it, the view from 

 the next spur on the other side was most striking : the broad sweep of old 

 moraine a quarter of a mile broad (terraced for cultivation) comes bend- 

 ing round to join the smaller one from the Kurururh ; the two glaciers 

 must have once met here, and the terminal cliff would have been just below 

 the junction ; the elevation is here 5,100 ft.* I give a sketch of the moraine 

 on PL XIII. The views on all sides were lovely, especially that up the gorge 

 of the Gaziarurh : the soft hazy rays of light cast by the sun, setting behind 

 the high range on the west, brought out in most lovely grey tones the re- 

 ceding steep spurs that bounded the glen. 



Towards the upper part of the Zullo near where the Kaburhi joins it, 

 traces of old terraces of transported material are observable, and huge blocks 

 of sandstone are seen here and there, all in the same level, resting on the 

 clay shales (one of these blocks at about 4,800 ft. measured 20 X 18 

 X 12 = 4,320 cubic feet), and it is from among these transported blocks 

 that the Nagas of Sopvomah select the monoliths and dolmens they erect 

 in the villages along the crest of the ridge above, which is of clay shales. 



Crossing the main watershed at its lowest part, we descend gradually 

 to the head of the Barak valley, the physical aspect of which well deserves 

 notice (PI. XI). The river, here 3,800 ft. above sea level, flows with a 

 very serpentine course through a broad level belt about \ to \ a mile in 

 breadth, the greater part of which is or has been under rice cultivation. 

 There are scarcely any trees on the hill slopes, and those few that exist are 

 confined to patches on steep slopes bordering the river, where it bends in 

 under the hills. Alluvial terraces are well developed both in the main valley 

 and lateral branches. Under the village of Gnamih, the main accumulation of 

 these deposits terminates, and below this they occur, now on one side of the 

 valley, now on the other, extending into the narrow gorge of the river still 

 further down where it takes a sharp loop-like bend of 6 miles, and it is evi- 

 dent that they once filled this gorge to a height of 130 feet ; little, how- 

 ever, of the deposit is now left. In the more open part above, the upper level 

 of the terraces is about 120 feet above the present level of the Barak, and 

 they consist of strong coarse conglomerates and clay. The age of these 



* This altitude may be considered very low, when we know that the extension of 

 similar action is not seen much helow 4000 ft. in the N. W. Himalaya, on a more nor- 

 thern latitude ; hut there is every reason for supposing that during the last glacial 

 period the general distribution of land and water was nearly the same as at the present 

 time, and that the amount of moisture borne from the south and south-west must have 

 then been very great, producing an enormous snow-fall deepening the valleys and 

 forcing the glaciers to a lower level. 



