96 G. E. Fryer— Pali Studies.— Wo. 1. [No. 2, 



this rough amorous outcast is ill-treating me, why dost thou so com- 

 placently regard me involved in such a misfortune ?' v. 93. 



5. Defective as regards verse-division (yatihina). Verse-division as 

 laid down in Prosody, and indicated in the text (verses 49 to 54), is called 

 ' yaW ; and the verse that is defective in regard to such division, is said to 

 exhibit the fault called yatiliinadosa, v. 48. Verse-division occurs at the 

 end of every quarter-verse (pada) ; and particularly at the end of the 

 hemistich {vuttaddha) ; sometimes it bisects a word as ' camikara\ but if 

 otherwise, as when it occurs between the second and third syllables of ' sin- 

 cati\ it is irregular, vv. 49, 50. If the rules for the euphonic junction 

 of final and initial letters (S'andhi) require the elision of a case, or tense- 

 termination (yibhatti), the vowel resulting from the coalition is the final 

 letter of the first part of the combination, as sabbo\pama : if elision is not 

 required, or there is a letter such as ' y> substituted, the case, or tense ter- 

 mination, with the vowel resulting from the coalition, forms the initial 

 syllable of the second part of the combination ; as for example in ' patta] 

 ssopamd, and ' vanda|myan antamatim', v. 53, 54. Verse-division is irre- 

 gular when it separates ' ca 1 and such like particles from the sentences to 

 which they belong, and ' pa\ and such like prepositions, from the words to 

 which they are prefixed, v. 54 and 55. 



6. Disjoined (Jcamaccuta), as when the proper succession of objects 

 is disregarded, as ' khettam, gamam, desam', v. 56. For the proper order 

 see v. 95. 



7. Inappropriate (ativutta), as when the meaning is opposed to 

 ordinary sense, as — ' The firmament of her expanding bosom is contracted', v. 

 57. The fault is avoided in the following — ' The entire firmament even 

 affords no scope for the diffusion of the glorious effulgence, emitted by the 

 moon-like Chief of Sages', v. 96, v. 147. 



8. Redundant in meaning (apetattha), as in the expression ' The bull, 

 the son of the cow', v. 58. Redundancy is not deemed a fault in the words 

 of the insane, v. 97, 98. 



9. Harsh in combination (bandhapharusa). This is exemplified by 

 the use of the consonant l 7ch' in syllables which renders them harsh in sound, 

 v. 59. The fault is avoided by using soft syllables, v. 99, and 136. 



(c.) The sense of a sentence is held to be faulty when it is 



1. Crude (apakkama), as when objects which refer to other objects 

 previously stated, are not in respective co-relation, e. g. in v. 61 'wealth, 

 peace, and Nibbana' — instead of ' Nibbana, wealth, and peace', in v. 101 — 

 are placed respectively in co-relation to the practice of ' meditation, giving 

 of alms, and virtue.' 



2. The improper (ocityahina), as when extolling one's own merits, <fec, 

 v.v. 62, 63. The fault is avoided if by doing so others are benefited, v. 104 — 

 107. 



