176 0. H. Damant — Notes on Manipuri Grammar. [Xo. 2, 



appears to be little difference between them. They are only used in con- 

 junction with a past tense, e. g., when I went there, I saw him, aind dsikd 

 chatludana mahakpoo aind urammi. 



The future participle ends in lagu. It is said to be used only with the 

 first person, the present participle in dana being used in its place with the 

 other persons, but there appears to be some doubt about this. 



1 When I go there I will see him', aind dsiJcd chatlagd mahakpoo 

 ugani. 



The next participle ending in abadi is used with the future to imply 

 a doubt, whereas the form in lagd implies a certainty or fixed intention. 

 'If I go there, I will see him', Towning amasung aind dsikd chatlabadi 

 mahdlcpoo aind ugani. 



The form in kaddbagi is used to express a purpose, but only in the first 

 person, as ' I am preparing to go', aind chatkadabagi touri. 



The form in nanabd is used in exactly the same way, but only in the 

 2nd and 3rd persons, as, ' you make preparations to go', nang chatnanabd 

 tourang tou. 



The participle showing time is formed by adding lingaidd to the root. 

 It means at the time of doing a thing, as ' when I was going there, I saw 

 him', aind dsikd chatlingaidd mahakpoo aind urammi. 



The last participle is formed by adding panind to the root, and its 

 meaning is ' from having done so,' ' because I have done so.' ' From 

 having gone to that place I know all about it', mapliam dsikd aina 

 chatpanind pumnamak aind Jcangi. 



The causal form is made by the addition of hal to the root, thus kangbd 

 = to know ; Jcangfialbd = to make to know. This form is conjugated in 

 the same way as an ordinary verb. 



The general rule for the formation of the negative is to insert da or d 

 between the termination and the root ; but the d is in some tenses inserted in 

 the middle of the termination, and in the present tense the termination li is 

 changed into loi in the negative. The formation will be more clearly under- 

 stood from the conjugation given hereafter, as there are considerable vari- 

 ations in some tenses, for which it is difficult to lay down exact rules. 



The Kookies insert M in much the same way ; thus ' I will see', 

 Teen venge ; ' I will not see', ken v eking e ; ' see', veil ; ' do not see', 

 veliiin. 



The interrogative is always denoted by the syllable rd, which is varied 

 in different tenses into drd and bra, but this will be more clearly seen from 

 the conjugation given. The interrogative rd is often used without a verb, 

 and is simply attached to a noun substantive, in such phrases as ' is this 

 woman your sister ?' JVupi asi nangi naclial rd ? Where rd is attached 

 directly to the substantive chal without the intervention of any verb. 



