210 J. Beamcs — The Rhapsodies of Gamlhir JRdi. [Xo. 3, 



On the above three kavitts some notes may now be offered. It is to be 

 hoped that it will be understood that this translation is not put forward 

 as authoritative, but merely as an attempt to get some meaning out of these 

 rugged lines, and that hints and suggestions will be afforded by Hindi scho- 

 lars in further elucidation. It will be observed that the past tense in such 

 words as ^^ % THTT, and others, has been translated as a passive participle. 

 This it is undoubtedly by origin, and it may be admitted that in these bar- 

 dic verses, as in the early Vaishnava poems in Bengali, it is used in this sense 

 in the absence of any nomen agentis. Also the phrases fsnr 1%<T, and #ff 

 jffir literally " as many (as there were), so many", are in fact equivalent to 

 "all", and have been so translated. 



In kavitt 5, line 2, the word 3T^F is literally " having tightened", and 

 the only way to make sense of the line is to refer this to the bows. The 

 sense is however rather involved, and can only be made clear by inverting 

 the order of the words thus ^«TJl«r t?«P3 ^T^, " having strung countless 

 bows", "Qm W^ ^ " arrows have have been discharged". 



Kavitt 6, line 1. The allusion here is apparently to some previous 

 exploit of Raja Jagat. I do not know where the Makhayala referred to is. 

 Mr. Blochmann finds " two places of that name, one *Jk.&° , the other with 

 long a, •sJUg.S'l/o . The latter is mentioned in the Ain as a strong fort on a 

 mountain in the Sindh Sagar Duab. There is little water to be had ; a salt 

 mine is here and temples* The inhabitants are Januhas. The former is 

 mentioned as a village where Shahjahan once halted and hunted on 

 his way from Kashmir to Labor." It lies somewhere on the west 

 bank of the Chanab, and I should be inclined to look for it north of 

 Karianwala and Tandah, where there was good sport to be had, when 

 I was Assistant Commissioner of Gujarat fifteen years ago. The other, or 

 Makhyala, seems to be somewhere between Jogi Tila Hill and Pind Da dan 

 Khan. 



In line 4, w^T^ would seem from the context to be the Arabic word 

 t^Lr" ' cattle', and not the Hindi TRT^T, protection, as the latter does not 

 make sense. 



K. 7, 1. 4 ^ft^ is a word unknown to me. It would seem to mean 

 boulders, round stones ; ^ ^ = % ^ftij. 



8. Fixing the pillar he slew the Khans, going up to battle he slew the Mirs. 

 How many chiefs were there not slain in the fray ? 

 Why did not Kahulis and Kizilbashes come by the lakh, 

 [Why did not] four or five Shahzadas more come with arrows set (in their 



bows) ? 

 How many chiefs and how many soldiers has he sent ? 

 Why did not he come himself, the Padshah of the Turks ? 

 Ever and ever being alone in the midst of the army, 

 Jagata did not know in his heart any other manly ones. 



