1865.] Ancient Indian Weights.. 67 



It lias been usual to read the name of this king as Kunanda, and 

 tested by the limitations of the Indian Pali alphabet proper, the initial 

 compound should stand for ku and nothing else ; but as some of th 

 lately-acquired specimens have furnished, for the first time, an approx- 

 imate reading of the name in the counterpart Bactrian character on 

 the reverse, giving the indubitable footrstroke to the right, which 

 constitutes the subjunet r, appended to the k, there can be no reasonable 

 doubt but that Krananda is the correct transliteration. The apparent 

 anomaly of supposing that the Indian Pali borrowed this form of 

 suffixed r from its fellow alphabet is disposed of by its use a second 

 time in this legend, in the Pali Bhrala. With similar licence, the 

 Bactrian writing, to supply its own deficiencies, appropriated the Pali 

 jh in Bajha, corresponding with the Rajnah of the obverse. 



The copper coins of this class follow the typical devices of the silver 

 money, varying, however, in shape and weight to such an extent as to 

 indicate a very general and comprehensive original currency. A 

 peculiarity in which they depart from the parallel issues of silver, is 

 the total omission of the counterpart reverse legend in Bactrian Pali, 

 occasionally so imperfectly rendered even in the best designed mintages, 

 and the superscription is confined to what we must suppose to have 

 been the local Indian Pali character, in which mint artisans and the 

 public at large were probably much better versed. 



The ninth, or one of the nine Nandas, seems to have been popularly 

 designated Dhana Nanda 7 or the rich Nanda,* and certainly, if the 

 extant specimens of the money bearing the impress of the name of 



Wilson (Megha Duta, verse 53 1) has the following- note on the subject. " The 

 Padma, " Mahapadma, Sankha, Makara, Kachhapa, Mukunda, Nanda, Nila, 

 and Kharva, are the nine Nidhis." 



" Some of the words bear the meanings of precious or holy things : thus Padma 

 is the Lotus ; Sankha the shell or conch. Again some of them imply large 

 numbers ; thus Padma is 10,000 millions, and Mahapadrna is 100,000 millions, 

 &c. but all of them are not received in either the one or the other acceptation. 

 We may translate almost all into things : thus, a lotus, a large lotus, a shell, a 

 certain fish, a tortoise, a crest, a mathematical figure used by the Jainas [No. 

 18, above?] Ni'la refers only to colour; [No' 21 supra ?] but Kharva, the ninth, 

 means a dwarf." See also As. Res. xx. p. 514. 



There is a very full list of Buddhist symbols in Captain Low's paper on 

 " Buddha and the Phrabat," in the Transactions of the R. A. S., vol. iii. p. 57, 

 which has been commented on, in detail, by M. B. Burnouf, in his " Lotus cle la 

 bonne loi" (Paris, 1852), p. 62G. 



* Mahawanso (Tika), xxxix. "Vishnu Parana," note, p. 468. Max Muller, 

 "Sanskrit Literature," p. 281. 



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