112 Literary Intelligence. [No. 2, 



great quantity of flaws. I had intended it for presentation to the 

 British Museum. But the fame of the jewel was so hinted about, 

 that my own Sikh Guard coalesced and carried off the box in which 

 the relic was. The theft was proved, the culprits were all punished, 

 and everything was recovered, but the one great thing, notwithstand- 

 ing that Major Abbott and myself offered very large rewards for its 

 recovery. 



" You may be aware that whilst in Hazara, I greatly amused myself 

 in excavating topes, and only desisted by finding it not at all a paying 

 thing, and besides the natives of the country took to opening the topes 

 and selling any relics found to Major Abbott and myself. Thus 

 from living in the country, hearing the legends of the land, studying 

 coins and books, and from my own explorations, I formed my own 

 conclusions on these topes, which in the main, I believe all subsequent 

 theories and discoveries have proved to be pretty correct. The con- 

 clusion was that such large grand topes as Manykyala and Bulhur 

 were the Westminster Abbeys of bygone Buddhist cities, at once a 

 great religious building and the regal burial-place, answering to the 

 great Rangoon Pagoda, and to the Bodh Nath of Nepal, only that 

 these buildings are seen in the days of Buddhistic decadence, those 

 existed in the days of its glory. Around Bulhur and Manykyala are 

 the easily traceable remains of cities that must once have had 150,000 

 inhabitants each. Taking Bulhur and Shah ke Dehri, places on the 

 right and left banks of the Hurroo river and going up the stream ten 

 miles, you do not go over a yard of what was not, in olden times, 

 built over. I have gone over every inch of it and was astounded to 

 find every where building remains. Thus all the smaller topes, I 

 conclude from the facts already adduced and from what I see of 

 modern Buddhism, were at once both religious and burial buildings in 

 the enciente of old Buddhist cities. And further they belonged either 

 to noble families, good families, guilds, wards, parishes or priests. 



" I went to see the Stupa from which my emerald relic was excavated. 

 I conceived, judging from its foundation, that when it stood in its 

 integrity, it was from 50 to 80 feet high, or such a building as could 

 be afforded by a Chinese Mandarin or a Thibetan Lama of our time, 

 and such as still abound in Nepal. I therefore concluded that my 

 emerald relic had belonged to a noble Buddhist lady ; that it was in 



