1865.] Coins of the Nine Nagas. 117 



fore would have included the greater part of the present territories of 

 Bharatpur, Dholpur, Gwalior, and Bundelkhancl, and perhaps also 

 some portions of Malwa, as Ujain, Bhilsa and Sagar. It would thus 

 have embraced nearly the whole of the country lying between the 

 Jumna and the upper course of the Narbada, from the Chambal on 

 the west to the Kaydn or Cane on the east, an extent of about 1,800 

 square miles, in which Narwar occupies a central and most command- 

 ing position. 



4. The identification of Narwar with Padmavati, the capital city of 

 the Nine Nagas, is strongly corroborated by the coins which I am 

 about to describe, as most of the earlier specimens were obtained at 

 Narwar, and the remainder at Gwalior. It is also supported by the 

 Allahabad Pillar inscription of Samudra Gupta, in which the king 

 boasts of the extent of his dominions, and enumerates the different 

 princes and countries which had become subject to his power. In the 

 18th line he mentions Ganapati-Ndga as one of the nine tributary 

 princes of Aryavurtta. Now Ganapati or Ganendra is the name of the 

 Raja whose coins are the most common and the most widely diffused 

 of all these Narwar kings. The legends of his coins are also in the 

 very same character as those of the Gupta coins and inscriptions. I 

 think therefore that there is every probability in favour of the identity 

 of these two princes. My discovery of an inscription of Samudra 

 Gupta in Mathura itself is sufficient to show that the Nagas must 

 have lost that city at an early date. It may also be taken as corrobo- 

 rative of the decay of their power, and of the supremacy of Samudra 

 Gupta, as stated in the Allahabad Pillar inscription. It may be 

 objected that the coins of Ganapati do not bear the additional name of 

 Naga, and that James Prinsep has rendered Ganapati Naga as two 

 separate names. To these objections I can reply at once that, so far as 

 I am aware, Naga is never used alone as a man's name, but always in 

 conjunction with some other word, either preceding it as in Naga-sena, 

 Nagarjuna, Nagaditya, Nagadatta, &c, or following it as in Skanda- 

 Naga, Brihaspati-Naga, and Deva-Naga of the coins now under review. 

 For this reason I conclude that the name of Samudra Gupta's contem- 

 porary must almost certainly have been Ganapati-Naga. The omission 

 of the latter part of the name in the legends of the coins is sufficiently 

 explained by the minute size of the money, which did not afford room 



