120 



Coins of the Nine Ndgas. 



[No. 



V. 

 VI. 



VII. 



VIII. 



IX. 



Bhima Naga. 



Kha, 



Va, 



Skanda Naga, Ditto ditto. 



Ditto, (Bull recumbent to right. 



Brihaspati Naga, Ditto ditto. 



Ganapati, Bull walking to left. 



Wheel. 



Ditto. 



Ditto. 



Ditto. 



Bull recumbent to right. 



Trisul, 



Ditto, 

 Vyaghra Naga, 

 Vasu Naga, .... 



Deva Naga, 



Ditto, 



Ditto 



3 

 4 



5-6 

 7,8,9 



ii 



12 

 13.14 



7. I will now proceed to the more technical description of- the 

 coins themselves for the benefit of the professed numismatist. The 

 pieces are all of small size, and many of them are so minute, that their 

 average weight is only 7 grains each. The whole of them, however, 

 may be readily divided into four distinct classes, which correspond 

 with the known divisions of the old Indian pana or copper coin of 

 145.833 grains. These divisions were, 



"Weight. 



The \ pana, 72.916 grains. 



„ J pana, or hdhini .« 36458 „ 



,, ^ pana, or J hdhini 18.229 „ 



ii tV V ana i or i hdhini 9.114 „ 



As the whole of these coins, excepting only the smallest of 9 grains, 

 are mentioned in the Code of Manu, the antiquity of the names is 

 undoubted. In B. VIII, verse 404, the ferry tolls are fixed at the 

 following rates : 



An empty cart, 1 pana. 



A loaded man, \ „ 



A woman, or ox, \ „ 



An unloaded man, ^ ,, 



But the pana was also called the " copper Earsha" and under this 



