172 Report of the Archaeological Survey. [No. 3, 



mains of buildings. Originally these two places would appear to have 

 formed one large town about 1J mile in length by half a mile in 

 breadth, or 3J miles in circuit. The Kanungo states that Maddwar 

 formed part of the dominions of Pithora Raja, and that it possessed 

 a large Hindu temple of stone, which was afterwards destroyed by one 

 of the Grhori Sultans, who built the present Jama Masjid on its site, 

 and with its materials. The stones of the mosque are squared blocks 

 of soft grey sandstone, and as many of them exhibit cramp-holes on the 

 outside, there can be no doubt that they must originally have belong- 

 ed to some othgr building. 



193. To the south-east of the town there is a large, deep, irregu- 

 larly shaped piece of water called Pimodli Tdl. It is nearly half a 

 mile in length, but not more than 300 feet broad in its widest part. 

 It is filled in the rains by a small channel carrying the drainage of the 

 country from the north-east, and its overflow falls into the Mdlini 

 River, about two miles distant. This pool is only part of a natural 

 channel of drainage which has been deepened by the excavation of earth 

 for the bricks of the town. But in spite of this evident origin of the 

 Maddwar tank, it was gravely asserted by the Buddhists to have been 

 produced by an earthquake which accompanied the death of a celebrat- 

 ed saint named Vimala Mitra. 



194. According to Hwen Thsang Madipur was 20 li, or 3J- miles, 

 in circuit, which agrees very closely with what would appear to be 

 the most probable size of the old town. The King was a Sudra, who 

 cared nothing for Buddhism, but worshipped the Devas. There were 

 12 Buddhist monasteries, containing about 800 monks, who were 

 mostly attached to the school of the Sarvdstivddas, and there were 

 also about 50 Brahmanical temples. To the south of the town, at 4 

 or 5 U, or f of a mile, there was a small monastery in which Gunapra- 

 bha was said to have composed 100 works ; and at half a mile to the 

 north of this there was a great monastery which was famous as the 

 scene of Sanghabhadra's suclden death from chagrin, when he was over- 

 come in argument by Vasubandhu. His relics were deposited in a 

 Stupa in the midst of a mango grove only 200 paces to the north-west 

 of the monastery. These two chiefs of Buddhism lived about the 

 beginning of the Chirstian era, and the Stupa was still standing in 

 A. D. 634, at the time of Hwen Thsang's visit. There is no trace 



