1865.] Report of the Arcliceological Survey. 175 



199. According to the bearing and distance from Maclipur, as 

 given by Hwen Thsang, we must look for Govisana somewhere to the 

 north of Mnradabad. In this direction the only place of any antiquity 

 is the old fort of Ujain, which is just one mile to the east of Kashipur. 

 According to the route which I marched the distance is 44 kos, or 66 

 miles. I estimate the value of the kos by the measured distance of 

 59 miles between the Post Offices of Bareli and Muradabad, which is 

 always called 40 kos by the natives. The true bearing of Kashipur 

 is east-south-east, instead of south-east, but the difference is not great ; 

 and as the position of Kashipur is equally clearly indicated by the 

 subsequent route to Ahichhatra, I feel quite satisfied that the old fort 

 of Ujain represents the ancient city of Govisana which was visited by 

 Hwen Thsang. 



200. Bishop Heber describes Kashipur as a " famous place of 



Hindu pilgrimage which was built by a divinity 



Vol. II., p. 246. ,£ , • r /ww, 



named • Kashi 5,000 years ago." But the 

 good Bishop was grossly deceived by his informant, as it is well known 

 that the town is a modern one, it having been built about A. D. 

 1718 by Kashi Nath, a follower of Raja Devi Chandra, or Deb Chand, 

 of Champawat in Kumaon. The old fort is now called Ujain, but as 

 that is the name of the nearest village it seems probable that the true 

 name has been lost. The place itself had been deserted for several 

 hundred years before the occupation of Kashipur, but as the holy tank 

 of Dron Sugar had never ceased to be visited by pilgrims, I presume 

 that the name of the tank must have gradually superseded that of the 

 fort. Even at the present day, the name of Dron Sdgar is just as well 

 known as that of Kashipur. 



201. The old fort of Ujain is very peculiar in its form, which may 

 be best compared to the body of a guitar. It is 3,000 feet in length 

 from west to east, and 1,500 feet in breadth, the whole circuit being 

 upwards of 9,000 feet, or rather less than 2 miles. Hwen Thsang 

 describes the circuit of Govisana as about 12,000 feet, or nearly 2|- 

 milcs, but in this measurement he must have included the long mound 

 of ruins on the south side, which is evidently the remains of an ancient 

 suburb. By including this mound as an undoubted part of the old 

 city, the circuit of the ruins is upwards of 11,000 feet, or very nearly 

 the same as that given by Hwen Thsang. Numerous groves, tanks, 



