180 'Report of the ' Ar'chebological Survey. [No. 3, 



name of the " Pandus Fort." According to my survey there are 

 only 32 towers, hut it is quite possible that one or two may have 

 escaped my notice, as I found many parts so overgrown with thorny 

 jungle as to he inaccessible. The towers are generally from 28 

 to 30 feet in height, excepting on the west side, where they rise to 

 35 feet. A single tower near the south-west comer is 47 feet in 

 height above the road outside. The average height of the interior 

 mass is from 15 to 20 feet. Many of the present towers, however, 

 are not ancient, as an attempt was made by Ali Muhammad Khan, 

 about 200 years ago, to restore the fort with a view of making it his 

 stronghold in case he should be pushed to extremities by the King 

 of Delhi. The new walls are said to have been 1J guz thick, which, 

 agrees with my measurements of the parapets on the south-eastern 

 side, which vary from 2 feet 9 inches to 3 feet 3 inches in thickness 

 at top. According to popular tradition, Ali Muhammad expended 

 about a crore of rupees, or one million pounds sterling, in this 

 attempt, which he was finally obliged to abandon on account of its 

 costliness. I estimate that he may perhaps have spent about one 

 lakh of rupees, or £10,000, in repairing the ramparts and in rebuilding 

 the parapets. There is an arched gateway on the south-east side, 

 which must have been built by the Musalmans, hut as no new 

 bricks were made by them, the cost of their work would have been 

 limited to the labour alone. The ramparts are 18 feet thick at 

 the base in some places, and between 14 and 15 feet in others. 



209. There are three great mounds inside the fort, and outside, 

 both to the north and west, there are a number of mounds of all sizes, 

 from 20 feet to 1,000 feet in the diameter. To the north-west, distant 

 one mile, there is a large tank called the Gandhan Sdgar, which has 

 an area of 125 bigalis, and about one quarter of a mile beyond it 

 there is another tank called the Adi Sdgar, which has an area of 

 150 bigahs. The latter is said to have been made by Adi Raja at 

 the same time as the fort. The waters are collected by an earthen 

 embankment faced on both sides with bricks of large size. The Gandhan 

 Sdgar is also embanked both to the east and south. The mounds 

 to the south of the tanks are covered with large bricks, both plain 

 and moulded ; but judging from their shapes, they must all have 

 belonged to temples, or other straight walled buildings, and not to 



