208 Beport of the Archaeological Survey. [No. 4, 



the site of the old city, including the whole of what is now called the 

 Kilah or citadel. The boundaries are well defined by the shrine of 

 Hdji Harmdyan on the north, the tomb of Taj Bdj on the south-west, 

 and the Masjid and tomb of Makhdum Jahdniya on the south-east. 

 The houses are much scattered, especially inside the citadel, so that 

 though the city still covers nearly one square mile, yet the population 

 barely exceeds 16,000 in number. The citadel, which occupies all the 

 highest ground, is triangular in shape, its northern point being the 

 shrine of Hdji Harmdyan, its south-west point the temple of Ajoy 

 Pal, and its south-east point the large bastion called Kshem Kali Burj. 

 Each of the faces is about 4,000 feet in length, that to the north-west 

 being protected by the bed of the nameless dry Nala ; that to the 

 north-east by the Chota Ganga ; while that to the south must have 

 been covered by a ditch, which is now one of the main roads of the 

 city, running along the foot of the mound from the bridge below Ajoy 

 Pal's temple to the Kshem Kali bastion. On the north-east face the 

 mound rises to 60 and 70 feet in height above the low ground on the 

 bank of the river ; and towards the Nala on the north-west, it still main- 

 tains a height of from 40 to 50 feet. On the southern side, however, 

 it is not more than 30 feet immediately below the temple of Ajoy Pal, 

 but it increases to 40 feet below the tomb of Buld Pir. The situation 

 is a commanding one ; and before the use of cannon the height alone 

 must have made Kanoj a strong and important position. The people 

 point out the sites of two gates ; the first to the north, near the shrine 

 of Hdji Harmdyan, and the second to the south-east, close to the 

 Kshem Kali Burj. But as both of these gates lead to the river it is 

 certain that there must have been a third gate on the land side towards 

 the south-west, and the most probable position seems to be immediate- 

 ly under the walls of the Bang Mahal, and close to the temple of Ajoy 

 Pal 



258. According to tradition, the ancient city contained 84 wards, 

 or Mahalas, of which 25 are still existing within the limits of the 

 present town. If we take the area of these 25 wards at three-quarters 

 of a square mile, the 84 wards of the ancient city would have covered 

 just 2J square miles. Now, this is the very size that is assigned to 

 the old city by Hwen Thsang, who makes its length 20 li, or 3| miles, 

 and its breadth 4 or 5 li, or just three-quarters of a mile, which mul- 



