1865.] Report of the Archaeological Survey. 235 



and searched the whole place through most carefully, but all in vain : 

 I could neither find the trace of any tope, nor could I even hear of 

 ancient remains of any kind. On the following day, however, after 

 I had left Sultanpur, I heard that the village of Mahmudpur, about 5 

 miles to the north-west, was situated on an ancient mound of somewhat 

 larger size than that of Sultanpur, and on my arrival at Faizabad, I 

 learned from Lieutenant Swetenham, of the Royal Engineers, that 

 there is an old tope to the north-west of Sultanpur, not far from this 

 village. I conclude, therefore, that Sultanpur, the ancient Kusapura, 

 is the same place as the Kasapura of Hwen Thsang ; and this identifi- 

 cation will be made even more certain on examination of the recorded 

 distances. 



298. On leaving Kosambi, the pilgrim proceeded first in a north- 

 east direction to the Ganges, after crossing which he turned to the 

 north to Kasapura, the whole distance being 117 miles. Now, the two 

 great ghats on the Granges to the north-east of Kosam are at Mau- 

 Saraya and Pdpa-mau, the former being 40 miles, and the latter 43 

 miles distant. But as these two ghats are close together, and almost 

 immediately to the north of Allahabad, the total distance to Kasapura 

 will be the same, whichever place of crossing be taken. From 

 Papamau to Sultanpur the direction is due north, and the distance 66 

 miles ; the whole line from Kosam to Sultanpur being 109 miles, 

 which is within 8 miles of the round number of 700 U, or 116f miles, 

 as given by Hwen Thsang ; while both of the bearings are in exact 

 accordance with his statements. From Kasapura to Visdklia the direction 

 followed by the pilgrim was to the north, and the distance was from 

 170 to 180 li, or from 28 to 38 miles. Now the present city of Ajudhya, 

 the ancient Ayodhya or Saketa, is almost due north from Sultanpur, 

 the distance being 30 miles to the nearest point, or just six miles in 

 excess of the distance given by Hwen Thsang. As the former of these 

 distances is in default, while the latter is in excess, I would suggest, 

 as a possible alternative, that our measurements should be taken from 

 the village of Mahmudpur, which would make the route from Kosam 

 to the Buddhist establishment near Kasapura up to 114 miles, or within 

 three miles of the number stated by Hwen Thsang, and lessen the sub- 

 sequent route to Ayodhya from 36 to 31 miles, which is within one 

 mile of the number given by the Chinese pilgrim. As all the bear- 



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