266 Report of the Archaeological Survey. [No. 4, 



Unfortunately the doorway of the temple must have been towards the 

 east, as there are traces of steps at several places down the slope of 

 that side. There is an old well also amongst the trees on the east side 

 of the mound, but I could find no traces of cloisters for the resident 

 monks who ministered at the temple. The mound, however, is still 

 surrounded by fine trees, and there are two small tanks at the very 

 foot of it which would of course have been included within the limits 

 of the monastery. 



350. The Stupa mentioned by Hwen Thsang as belonging to the 

 Purvvarama may perhaps be represented by a small ruined mound 

 close to the north-east corner of the Ora-jhdr. The mound is only 8 

 feet high, but an excavation which I made to the depth of 11 feet, 

 showed it to be made of solid bricks of large size, 12 by 9 by 3 inches. 

 It is 40 feet in diameter, and when complete, with its pinnacle, it must 

 have been about 50 or 60 feet in height. From its vicinity to the 

 Purvvarama I have little doubt that this is the Stupa which Visdkhd 

 built on the spot where Buddha had overcome the Brahmans in 

 argument. 



351. The last place mentioned by the pilgrims is the spot where 

 King Virudhaka halted with his army to converse with Buddha, and 

 out of respect for the teacher gave up his expedition against the Sakyas, 

 and returned to his Capital. Hwen Thsang states that this famous 

 spot was close to the monastery of Visakha on the south side, while 

 Fa Hian says that it was 4 U, or two-thirds of a mile, to the south- 

 west of the city. The former is the more probable position, as it is 

 to the south-east and on the high road to Kapilanagara, the capital 

 of the Sakyas. Close by there was a Stupa to mark the spot where 

 500 Sakya maidens were afterwards massacred by Virudhaka for refus- 

 ing to enter his harem. Near the Stupa there was a dry tank, or 

 gulf, in which Virudhaka had been swallowed up. According to the 

 legend, Buddha had predicted that Virudhaka would be destroyed 

 by fire within seven days after the massacre. When the seventh day 

 arrived, the King, accompanied by his women, proceeded gaily to a 

 large tank, where he entered a boat, and was rowed to the middle of 

 the water. But flames burst forth from the waters and consumed the 

 boat, and the earth opened beneath the tank, and Virudhaka " fell 

 alive into hell." The only large piece of water that I could find is a 



