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4 
Major Irby also informs us that he has seen it three or four times in the month of January on 
the rock of Gibraltar. Mr. A. Basil Brooke writes to us stating that he found it “common in 
the Pyrenees, where he saw them in small flocks, in the months of April and May, at an elevation 
of about 5000 feet.” It is, however, in all probability, most numerous in the Alps, where Bailly 
writes that “it is found during the breeding-season in the Alps of Maurienne, Mont Cenis, and 
Chamounix, and is met with as high as the regions of eternal snow. It also inhabits, though 
sparingly, the rocky localities of the Tarentaise Alps (especially near the glaciers of Allues), the 
mountains of Bauges, amongst others those of Margeriaz, Rozannas, and Tréloz, and has been 
observed at Grand-Son, Arpétaz, Mount Grenier, and other places.” In Italy it is not common, 
but descends there from the mountains in the cold season ; and in Sardinia, according to Salvadori, 
it is only accidental; this gentleman further states that there are two Sardinian-killed specimens 
in the Museum there. Mr. A. Basil Brooke also writes that “this bird is of very rare occurrence 
in Sardinia; but my brother, Sir Victor Brooke, who was there with me in November 1869, 
observed a small flock hopping about the rocks at the back of Villacidro.” As regards its 
occurrence in Greece, Lindermayer considers that it is resident in that country, as he observed it 
both in winter and in summer, and found the nest with eggs and young. During the breeding- 
season it inhabits the mountains in the north of Greece, and perhaps also the heights of the 
Peloponnesus, but does not occur on the islands. In the winter season it descends to the plains, 
and there inhabits the dense thickets. It is found in the mountains of Southern Germany; 
and Seidensacher found it in Styria, on the Bachergebirge, in May 1862, and states that many 
descend from the heights in winter, and that numbers have been caught at Tiiffer. In Austria 
it is usually called, as we are informed by Victor Ritter von Tschusi Schmidhofen, Steinlerche or 
Stonelark. It is common in all the Alpine regions of that country ; and our friend above referred 
to found it, in June 1869, breeding in the Riesengebirge, and shot a female on the Brunnberg. 
In the Hungarian and Siebenbiirgen Carpathians it is common. In the winter season they 
descend to the plains, and are often seen far from the mountains. They breed twice a year, 
about the middle of May and in the middle of July. In Southern Russia Professor von Nord- 
mann met with it in the mountains of Ghouriel and Abasia, where it was so little shy that it 
could be caught with a noose attached to a stick; he did not, however, meet with it in the 
Crimea, and thinks that its absence there is owing to the non-existence of high mountains. As 
regards its supposed occurrence in Siberia and the Amoor country, Von Middendorff certainly 
writes that it is not uncommon in the steep cliffs on the southern side of the Sea of Ochotsk, 
where he observed fledged young on the 16th of July; but he remarks that his specimens, com- 
pared with others obtained in Switzerland, agree exactly, except that they are rather smaller in 
size, and have the rump rusty brown, instead of yellowish grey. Von Schrenck also especially 
refers to the rich rusty red on the rump and upper tail-coverts; and, judging from these remarks, 
we certainly agree with our friend Mr. R. Swinhoe that the species referred to by these travellers 
is not Accentor alpinus but Accentor erythropygius, Swinh., of which we have now before us two 
examples, sent from Darasun in Dauria by Dr. Dybowski. ‘Thus the most eastern locality where 
it has undoubtedly been met with is Demavend, where De Filippi observed it. We may, how- 
ever, add that Colonel Drummond-Hay states that it breeds in Crete, where he met with it on 
the Sfakian range. 
