i 
Passing eastward, again, we find it, according to Bailly, ‘“‘abundant and resident in Savoy 
throughout the year, frequenting the mountainous portions of the country from spring to 
autumn ;” and the various authors on the ornithology of Italy likewise speak of it as common in 
the lowlands during the autumn and winter, but residing in the mountains during the breeding- 
season. Doderlein writes that it is “much more abundant in Sicily in the winter than at any 
other season of the year;” and Mr. C. A. Wright records it from Malta as “rather rare. I met 
with it on the 26th November, 1860, and on the 3rd December, same year; and Dr. Adams 
observed two or three others, of which he obtained one. I have another, which was taken in 
May 1862. Individuals have also been captured in December and January.” Lord Lilford found 
it very common in Corfu during the winter, and observed one or two individuals during the 
summer months. Some eggs taken in Epirus were brought to him; and he believes them to have 
been those of this species. Lindermayer records it as common in Greece in the winter; but he 
never observed it on the islands; and Messrs. Elwes and Buckley record it as common in Turkey. 
I never met with it on the shores of the Danube; but my friend the late Mr. Seidensacher told 
me that it passes through Styria in October and November, and again in March, and he found it 
breeding in the Bacher-Gebirge. It occurs in Southern Russia, being, Professor von Nordmann 
writes, “generally distributed along the shores of the Black Sea;” and Professor Brandt states 
that it occurs in the Caucasus, whence Mr. Kolenati sent several specimens to St. Petersburg. 
I do not find any record of its occurrence in Asia Minor, except that by Strickland, who 
obtained it at Smyrna in December, but considered it rare there. Canon Tristram writes that 
“ Accentor modularis only just makes good its claim as a bird of Palestine by residing in the 
Lebanon throughout the year, where, however, it is very scarce.” 
It has occurred in Northern Africa. Dr. von Heuglin mentions having seen one in Egypt ; 
and Loche records it as being of rare occurrence in Algeria. 
To the eastward it is met with in Persia, whence Mr. Blanford procured specimens, one 
of which he has kindly lent to me for examination. It is not recorded by any of the Siberian 
travellers; but Mr. Swinhoe writes that Pére David saw the head of a bird procured at Pekin, 
which he identified with that of the present species; it is possible, however, that it may have 
belonged to the Japanese form (4. rubidus)—of which I have not been able to examine a speci- 
men, but which Temminck and Schlegel describe in the ‘ Fauna Japonica’ as being very closely 
allied to A. modularis, merely differing in having the back washed with purple, and in lacking 
the dark brown stripes on the flanks. ‘The specimen obtained in Persia by Mr. Blanford agrees 
precisely with the measurements of Accentor rubidus, as given by Professor Schlegel in the 
‘Fauna Japonica; and it likewise closely resembles the figure on his plate of that species; but 
the flanks are slightly marked with brown. It would thus appear to be an intermediate race 
between Accentor modularis and <Accentor rubidus, differing but slightly from either, though 
approaching nearest to the latter race. 
It is scarcely necessary to say much respecting the habits of so common and well-known a 
bird as the Hedge-Spairrow; for there are but few gardens in England where it is not regularly 
seen, creeping about amongst the low bushes or in the thick hedge-bottoms, often suffering any 
one to approach within a few feet of it. I may, however, be excused in quoting the following 
notes from the pen of that most careful and observant of field-naturalists, Macgillivray :—“Come 
