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season. In France the Long-tailed Titmouse is common throughout the year; but probably the 
species found in Southern France, and perhaps even in Northern France, is Acredula irbii or 
A. rosea, and not this bird; for, so far as we can ascertain, Acredula irbii is the bird inhabiting , 
Spain and the northern shores of the Mediterranean. In Switzerland, however, the true Acredula 
caudata is said to occur, and is common in the Basses-Alpes, and indeed throughout the whole of 
that country. We have also received a specimen, procured in Italy, from Count Salvadori. 
Throughout Austria it is, as we are kindly informed by Ritter von ‘Tschusi Schmidthofen, to be 
met with in all mixed woods; and when in the autumn large flocks frequent the gardens, it is a 
common saying that there will be an abundance of snow. Loko] observed in the Zavis valley, 
near Prague, a nest containing young which were being fed by three old birds, which he took to 
be a male and two females. Seidensacher writes that it is rare in the summer season in Styria, 
and commoner during the winter. Dresser, when collecting near Cilli with Seidensacher, 
procured the eggs of this species, and saw several pairs which were breeding there; he also 
met with it in Servia and Wallachia, all along the Danube; and Professor Nordmann says 
that it is seen everywhere in Southern Russia, in autumn and winter, in large flocks. It breeds 
in the mountains of Ghouriel and Adshara. Pallas writes that it ranges throughout Eastern 
Siberia; and it has been obtained there by the Siberian travellers. Dr. Radde states that the 
Siberian bird is a small race of the ordinary European species. He found them in flocks in the 
Bureja mountains from the 15th of August onwards; but after the middle of October they were 
not so numerous. They frequented the willows on the shores of the Angara; but as the cold 
became more intense they left these willow thickets and retired to the dense forests. Dr. 
Dybowski includes this species in his list of the birds of Dauria; and Dr. von Schrenck remarks 
that Siberian specimens have the head white. He observed this species both on the Upper and 
Lower Amoor, and states that it undoubtedly winters in the Amoor country. Von Middendorff 
procured it at Udskoj-Ostrog in January, and also remarks that the Siberian bird has a white 
head and is the same as our European species. 
In its mode of nidification this species differs in no way from our common British bird; and 
Dresser has taken nests in Styria, which were precisely similar to nests he has taken in England. 
Regarding its habits and nidification in Switzerland, our friend Dr. Girtanner writes to us that 
it is ‘throughout the whole of Switzerland a tolerably common and well-known bird. During 
the summer it frequents the open woods and groves, and leads a somewhat quiet life; but towards 
the autumn and in the winter they collect in large flocks, and range through the gardens, moving 
from tree to tree, uttering, when on the wing, a continuous note 2, 27; and when on the trees, 
they hunt most industriously after the various insects on which they feed. Many come to us 
from the north to remain over the winter; but I do not think that those hatched here migrate 
away to any great distance.” Dr. Girtanner sends us a sketch of a nest he took, which was 
placed against the trunk of a tree at a considerable altitude from the ground, and which, in 
shape, is cylindrical, cut off sharp at each end, and unlike those we have generally seen in this 
country, which have the ends rounded. He describes it as closely resembling a short stump 
of a branch cut square off, and as built about equally of fine moss and feathers, but so lightly 
constructed that it could scarcely be removed, except by very careful handling, although the 
walls of the nest measured 2 centimetres in thickness. The lower portion was inside con- 
