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that a new species of Long-tailed Titmouse, very distinct from the other allied Kuropean species, 
existed in the neighbourhood of Constantinople. This Turkish Long-tailed Titmouse, easily 
recognizable by its black throat, was first figured and described by Dr. A. Giinther in 1865 (Ibis, 
1865, p. 95), from specimens sent home by Mr. Robson. Hitherto the range of this species was 
considered to be very restricted, the only specimens which have as yet been obtained having all 
been procured by Mr. Robson in the neighbourhood of Constantinople or in Asia Minor; but 
Mr. W. T. Blanford has recently discovered. it in Persia, and was kind enough to show us his 
specimens, which differed in no way from Mr. Robson’s Turkish examples. As may also be 
supposed, very little has been recorded respecting its habits, which, as we are informed by 
Mr. Robson, differ in no way from those of the common European Long-tailed Titmouse. 
Messrs. Elwes and Buckley obtained the nest and eggs of this Titmouse from him, and, on 
their return to England, carefully compared them with those of our British species, and could 
distinguish no difference whatever. We give the following notes published by these gentlemen 
in their paper on the birds of Turkey (Ibis, 1870, p. 199):—‘*‘We never saw this species, 
though we searched for it twice in the valley of Buyukdere, which Mr. Robson informs us is one 
of its favourite haunts. It does not seem to come far to the west of the Bosphorus, though it 
is common on both sides of that strait. Mr. Robson is the only person we know of who has 
seen the Turkish Bottle-Titmouse in a state of nature; and he describes its habits as being 
exactly similar to those of the common species. ‘The nest and egg, which he was kind enough 
to present us with, are also similar. It breeds early in March and April, and is very fond of a 
yew tree for its nest. On comparing this species with the common Bottle-Titmouse, the tail is 
much shorter, and the tints are generally much darker, the black mark on the throat being 
always a good distinction, as, indeed, is made apparent by Dr. Giinther’s original description and 
Mr. Wolf's figures.” 
The description and figure of the adult male are taken from a specimen in Dresser’s collec- 
tion, sent by Mr. Thomas Robson, who shot it at Bagchakeuy, in Turkey, on the 2nd of March, 
1869. 
In the preparation of the above article we have examined the following specimens :— 
E Mus. H. E. Dresser. 
a,b, 3,9. Asia Minor, April 8th and 28rd, 1868 (7. Robson). c, 6. Bagchakeuy, Turkey, March 2nd, 
1869 (7. R.). d, d. Guiken, Asia Minor, May 11th, 1869(7. R.). e. Near Constantinople, October 26th, 
1870 (7. R.). f,g, 3, 2. Guiken, Asia Minor, November 26th, 1870 (7. R.). h, 3. Guiken valley, 
Asia Minor, September 17th, 1871 (T. R.). 
E Mus. H. B. Tristram. 
a. Guiken (7. Robson). 6. Belgrade (T. R.). c. Ortakeuy (7. R.). 
KE Mus. Ind. Cale. 
a, 6, c, d. Resht, south of the Caspian Sea (W. T. Blanford). 
