PAG US) ACD ER. 
(EUROPEAN COAL TITMOUSE,) 
Parus ater, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 341 (1766). 
Parus carbonarius, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 556 (1811). 
Pecile ater, Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. p. 114 (1829). 
Parus abietum, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 466 (1831). 
Parus pinetorum, Brehm, Naumannia, 1855, p. 285. 
Meésange noire, French ; Cincia romagnuola, Cincia nera, Italian; Kohlmeise, German; zwarte 
Mees, Dutch ; Svartmes, Swedish ; Kulmeise, Norwegian ; Sortmeise, Danish; Mustatiitinen, 
Finnish ; Sinitza czernaia-Moskowa, Russian; Sosnowka, Polish. 
Figure notabiles. 
Werner, Atlas, Granivores, pl. 9; Naum. Vog. Deutschl. iv. Taf. 94; Kjerb. Orn. Dan. 
Taf. xxiv. fig. 1; Schl. Vog. Nederl. pl. 127; Sundev. Sv. Fogl. pl. xvi. fig. 4; Bettoni, 
Ucc. Lomb. tay. 91. 
3 estiv. pileo summo nitente nigro: plagd nuchali albé magna ad interscapulium dilatata, utrinque pilei 
nigredine laté marginaté et vix inclusd: genis totis, cum regione parotica et colli lateribus, albis: dorso 
et scapularibus pulchré cinereis, uropygio fulvescenti-olivaceo: tectricibus alarum minimis pulchré 
cinereis, reliquis nigris, extts cinereo limbatis et conspicué albo terminatis, fasciam duplicem alarem 
formantibus: remigibus nigricantibus, extts argenteo-cinereo limbatis, secundariis albo terminatis: 
rectricibus nigricanti-cinereis, exttis cinereo marginatis, vix albo apicatis: gutture toto nigerrimo: 
pectore medio albicante: corporis lateribus vinaceo-fulvis: rostro nigro: pedibus plumbeis: iride 
brunnea. 
$ hiem. similis ptilosi estivee, dorso minimé olivaceo lavato: hypochondriis sordidé fulvescentibus. 
2 mari similis, sed semper obscurior. 
Juv. pileo summo et colli postici lateribus nigricanti-brunneis: macula nuchali et facie laterali citrinis: dorso 
toto viridi-olivaceo, uropygio vix pallidiore: tectricibus alarum nigris, dorsi colore limbatis et flavicanti- 
albo apicatis: remigibus nigricantibus, primariis extus griseo marginatis, secundariis dorsi colore 
limbatis: caudé nigricante, rectricibus angusté olivaceo marginatis: gutture nigricante, vix viridi- 
olivaceo lavato: corpore medio subtis citrino: hypochondriis fulvescenti-brunneis: rostro corneo ad 
rictum flavo: pedibus pallidé corneis. 
Adult Male in spring plumage. Crown of the head glossy blue-black, enveloping the lores and enclosing the 
eye, whence it runs in a straight line over the ear-coverts; on the nape a very distinct white patch, 
which extends right down to the interscapulary region, where it widens out slightly, being bordered 
on each side by the black of the head, which extends along the entire length of the nuchal patch; 
cheeks, ear-coverts, and sides of the neck white; entire back clear slaty blue, the rump fulvous brown, 
CO 
