PARUS PALUSTRIS. 
(MARSH TITMOUSE.) 
Parus palustris, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 341 (1766). 
Parus cinereus communis, Baldenst. Neue Alpina, 1829, t. ii. p. 30. 
Pecile palustris, Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. p. 114 (1829). 
Parus salicarius, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 465 (1831). 
Poikilis palustris, Blasius, List B. of Eur. p. 8 (1862). 
Pecile communis, Gerbe in Degl. & Gerbe, Orn. Europ. i. p. 567 (1867, ex Baldenst.). 
Marsh-Tit, Marsh-Titmouse, English; Mésange nonnette, French; Cincia bigia, Italian ; 
Herrerillo, Spanish ; Sumpfmeise, German; Zwartkopmees, Dutch; Sumpmeise, Graameise, 
Danish ; Hangetite, Norwegian; Karrmes, Swedish; Sinitza kamischevaya, Russian. 
Figure notabiles. 
Gould, B. of Eur. iii. pl. 155. fig. 2; Yarr. Brit. B. iii. p. 340; Naum. Vog. Deutschl. v. 
Taf. 94; Kjerb. Orn. Dan. Afb. xxiii.; Schlegel, Vog. Nederl. pl. 129; Sundev. Svensk. 
Fogl. pl. xvi. fig. 6; Fritsch, Vog. Europa’s, tab. 21. fig. 17; Gould, B. of Gt. Br. pt. x. 
3 ad. estiv. pileo summo sericeo-nigro, usque ad nucham producto: dorso olivascenti-brunneo, scapularibus et 
tectricibus alarum concoloribus, his ad apicem albido terminatis: uropygio fulvescente: remigibus 
grisescenti-brunneis, primariis externé albido angusté marginatis, secundariis latits olivascenti lavatis : 
rectricibus grisescenti-brunneis, pallidé olivascenti lavatis, duabus externis angusté albido marginatis: 
genis et regione auriculari usque ad latera colli postica albidis: gutture nigro, parte inferiore marginibus 
albis obscura: corpore reliquo subtus albido, hypochondris fulvescentibus: rostro nigro: pedibus 
plumbeis : iride brunnea. 
$ autumn. similis precedenti, sed magis olivascens: plumis longioribus et magis lanuginosis: remigibus extis 
magis olivascentibus: abdomine imo fulvescente. 
Av. hornot.-similis adultis sed ubique saturatior: pileo sordidé nigro, et corpore subtus magis fulvescente : 
gutture fuliginoso-nigro. 
Adult male in spring plumage. Crown of the head glossy black, extending just beyond the occiput, and 
forming a hood; cheeks, ear-coverts, and sides of the neck white, extending from the base of the bill 
backwards, running below the eye, and drawn almost as far back as the extremity of the hood 
itself, narrowing as it extends; back greyish brown, strongly inclined to olive, of which latter colour a 
very evident tinge is perceptible; rump much paler, inclining to yellowish brown; wing-coverts 
greyish brown, the outermost rather darker, and all of them so broadly washed with the olivaceous 
brown of the back that the dark bases to the feathers are entirely hidden, the greater coverts as well as 
the primary coverts rather plainly margined with whitish, more so in some specimens than in others ; 
quills greyish brown, paler underneath, the primaries very narrowly edged on the outer web with 
whitish, these margins becoming obsolete towards the apex of the feather; the secondaries edged with 
greyish white, almost pure white on the innermost feathers, so that the margins here are very distinct, 
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