5 
“Sprinc Dress or THE MAES oF THE THREE TITMICE. 
Parus palustris. 
Prains anD Mountatns. 
Feathers of the head or hood extending 
from the beak to a little below the 
occiput, deep lustrous black with blue 
reflections. 
Back covered with plumes of a medium 
length, greyish brown in colour with a 
tinge of olive. 
Rump clearer-coloured than the back. 
Scapulars of the same colour as the back. 
Wine-coverts olive-brown, bordered with 
the same colour as the back. 
Outer quills or primaries blackish brown, 
very narrowly edged with whitish on the 
outer edge. 
Secondaries rather clear blackish brown, 
tolerably broadly fringed with clear 
greenish grey on the outer edge. 
Tail-feathers of a blackish brown, the 
outermost fringed with grey, the others 
with greenish grey or olive. 
Cheeks white, extending a little on the 
sides of the neck along the sides of the 
hood, washed towards their lower half 
with a faint tinge of grey. 
Throat whitish, and exhibiting underneath 
“the beak a spot of deep black; this spot 
is often a little larger on individuals from 
the mountains. 
Breast and middle of the belly of a lustrous 
white, a little inclining to grey; under 
tail-coverts and flanks of a grey colour, 
slightly inclining to rufous. 
Surface of the tail-feathers and quills of an 
ashy grey. 
Nasal plumes black. 
Beak blackish. 
Tarsus, toes, and nails of a bluish grey or 
lead-colour. 
Tris dark brown. 
Parus alpestris. 
OBERLAND. 
Hood coming down to between the shoul- 
ders, of a dark blackish brown, with 
reddish brown reflections. 
Back-feathers a little longer than in P. 
palustris, and of a clear ashy brown. 
Rump with a few feathers of a rosy grey or 
nankeen. 
Scapulars blackish in their centre, and 
having the border of each feather coloured 
like the back. 
Wing-coverts blackish brown, bordered 
with the same colour as the back. 
Primaries blackish brown, bordered with 
greyish white on their outer web. 
Secondaries rather clearer blackish brown, 
and broadly fringed with greyish white 
on the outer web, the innermost slightly 
inclining to reddish on the dorsal side. 
Tail-feathers blackish, the outermost fringed 
with whitish, the others bluish grey. 
Cheeks and sides of the neck pure white 
running on each side of the hood down 
to its extremity, the hindermost plumes 
very slightly washed with rufous. 
Throat from the beak as far as the top and 
a little on the sides of the breast of a 
smoky black; many feathers issuing 
from the middle of the throat slightly 
bordered with white. 
Breast white, belly whitish, slightly washed 
with nankin in the centre, and gradually 
tinged with the faintest vinous blush 
towards the flanks and tail. 
Surface of the tail-feathers and quills of an 
ashy grey. 
Nasal plumes blackish. 
Beak blackish. 
Tarsus and toes of a greyish brown, slightly 
glossed with violet; nails greyish brown. 
Tris dark brown. 
“ Autumn Dress oF THE Mates oF THE THREE 
Parus palustris. 
Prams AnD MounrTamns. 
Hood nearly the same as in spring, but the 
reflexions perhaps a little brighter. 
Back slightly more rufous than in spring. 
Rump as in spring. 
Scapulars like the back. 
Wing-coverts a little darker than in spring. 
Primaries finely bordered with yellowish 
grey. 
Secondaries broadly fringed with olive-grey. 
Parus alpestris. 
OBERLAND. 
Hood sooty black, a little glossed with violet 
reflexions, perhaps a little darker than in 
spring. 
Back covered with long and silky plumes 
of a more reddish tint than in spring. 
Rump very little clearer than the back. 
Scapulars blackish in the centre, and broadly 
bordered with bronzy grey. 
Wing-coverts blackish, bordered on their 
outer side with rufous grey. 
Primaries blackish, a little more broadly 
fringed with whitish than in spring. 
Secondaries blackish, clearer than in spring, 
and broadly fringed on their outer border 
with white a little inclining to rufous, 
Parus borealis. 
Havre EnGapine. 
Hood down to the back, of a blackish brown, 
a little more pronounced than in P. 
alpestris, and with reflections even still 
more brown. 
Back-feathers longer than in P. palustris, 
and of an ashy grey colour, very slightly 
inclining to bluish, 
Rump altogether rosy white, and decidedly 
brighter. 
Scapulars blackish in the centre, and having 
the border of each feather coloured like 
the back. 
Wing-coverts blackish brown, inclining to 
ashy, and bordered with the grey of the 
back. 
Primaries blackish, and bordered with 
bluish white on the outer web. 
Secondaries of a rather clearer black, 
broadly fringed with whitish on the 
outer side, and a little reddish on the 
dorsal side. 
Tail-feathers blackish, and broadly fringed, 
the outer one with white, and the others 
with bluish white. 
Cheeks and sides of the neck perfectly pure 
white, accompanying the hood right 
down to the back. 
Throat of a fine smoky black, which, widen- 
ing a little in the form of a shield, extends 
on the top and sides of the breast ; towards 
the lower part the plumes are bordered 
with white. 
Breast and belly white, a little washed with 
faint nankeen towards the flanks. 
Surface of the tail-feathers and quills of an 
ashy grey. 
Nasal plumes often rufous. 
Beak blackish. 
Tarsus and toes greyish brown, faintly 
glossed with violet; nails greyish brown. 
Tris dark brown. 
TITMICE. 
Parus borealis. 
Haute ENGADINE. 
Hood sooty black, a little glossed with 
brownish violet reflexions; in a word, 
more pronounced than in spring. 
Back covered with very long and silky 
plumes of an ashy grey a little inclining 
to rufous. 
Rump very little clearer than the back. 
Scapulars blackish in the centre, and broadly 
fringed with ashy grey. 
Wing-coverts blackish, bordered with the 
same colour as the back. 
Primaries blackish, a little inclining to 
ashy, and conspicuously bordered with 
whitish. 
Secondaries very broadly fringed with 
whitish, 
OD2 
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