9 
In the end of October it was to be seen in Mantchuria, on the southern slope of the boundary 
mountains. I did not find this Titmouse in the Stanowoi Mountains earlier than on the Ald4n— 
that is, at the first appearance on the coast of the conifer woods which are peculiar to the Sea of 
Ochotsk.” Dr. G. Radde remarks that this and the Long-tailed Titmouse are found in the same 
localities, but the one or other always predominates. “ Late in September 1856, on the islands 
of the Onon, I found quantities of the latter and a few of this species, which abounded in the 
birch-woods near the village of Birki, about forty versts N.E. of these islands, where again the 
Long-tailed Titmouse was rare. In the Bureja Mountains I heard the Parus borealis twitter, 
and observed them to be getting uneasy, though they remained together some time. On the 
4th of March I heard the first call-note, which appeared to differ from that of the Baikal 
Marsh-Titmouse. It was then full winter, and at 7 a.m. the thermometer stood at 20° R. On 
the 15th they were again calling loudly. In the eastern Sajan they commenced singing much 
later, as I only heard them calling on the 19th of April, 1859. In the Bureja Mountains they 
were migrating from the 15th of August to the end of September.” Dr. L. von Schrenck says 
that “it is common in the Amoor. I saw it from the mouth of the Amoor to the Ussuri, and on 
this river to the mouth of the Noor at all seasons of the year. At the Nikolaievsk post it was 
particularly common in autumn and winter in small flocks or pairs in the birch- or other woods 
skirting the conifers. In the winter I found it common on Saghalien, at both coasts and in 
the interior of the island, on the mainland coasts, on the Lower Amoor, and at Gorin, in the 
thin woods of larch trees, birches, willows, and alder bushes. In July 1854 I shot it in the Bay 
of Hadshi, in a high but open fir-wood. Specimens procured at the mouth of the Ussuri on the 
3rd (15th) of August and on the 30th of September (12th of October) at the Nikolaievsk post 
were moulting ; and those shot at the latter place on the 4th of November (new style) and later 
had moulted altogether.” 
Count Wodzicky observed it in the winter of 1852 in Eastern Galicia; and an Austrian- 
killed example is, as our friend Herr von Pelzeln kindly informs us, in the collection at Vienna, 
and on comparison agrees precisely with specimens from Stockholm. Bailly writes that this 
species is “sedentary in Savoy, and during the summer season frequents the conifer forests, 
especially those on the mountains. It has been observed near Chambéry, on Mount Grenier, 
Alpétaz, Jorguy, and Nivolet, in Banges, at Margériaz, Rozannaz, and at the foot of Mount 
Tréloz. It also occurs in some of the higher parts of the Tarantaise, especially at Allues and 
Notre-Dame-du-Pré, throughout the Haute-Maurienne, especially near Modane Termignon, and 
Lanslebourg, on the southern slope of Mount Cenis, near Ferricre, and Mollaret, &c. &c. 
M. Caire found it on the Basses-Alpes, and especially near Barcelonette, where it is sedentary. 
In the Swiss Alps it is also found throughout the year.” 
Von Nordmann remarks that at the foot of the mountains of Ghouriel, in Southern Russia, he 
met with a bird whose note differed from that of the Common Marsh-Titmouse; and as he seems 
to know P. lugubris, which is also included in his book, there may be a chance that P. borealis 
wanders into these localities. 
For an account of the habits of this species and its ally, P. alpestris, we are again indebted 
to the memoir of M. Fatio:—“ The Alpine Marsh-Titmouse, as well as the northern form, inhabits 
in Switzerland the forests of fir trees, pines, and larches; it goes in families, and is easily 
° 
YS 
