PARUS LUGUBRIS. 
(SOMBRE TITMOUSE.) 
Parus lugubris, “ Natterer,” Temm. Man. d’Orn. i. p. 294 (1820). 
Pecila lugubris, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 230 (1850). 
Penthestes lugubris, Reich. Av. Syst. Nat. Trepidatores, pl. \xii. (1850). 
Pecila lugens, Brehm, Naumannia, 1856, p. 369. 
Pecile lugubris, Degl. & Gerbe, Orn. Eur. p. 569 (1867). 
Poikilis lugubris, Blasius, List of B. of Kur. p. 8 (1862). 
Trauermeise, German. 
Figure notabiles. 
Werner, Atlas, Granivores, pl. 13; Naum. Vég. Deuter xili. Taf. 379, fig. 1; Gould, B. of 
Eur. iii. pl. 151. fig. 1; Bree, B. of Eur. iii., Frontispiece; Fritsch, Vog. Kur. tab. 21. 
fig. 17; Dubois, Ois. Eur. pl. 80. 
3 ad. estiv. pileo summo saturaté fuliginoso-nigro: facie laterali albidé, usque ad latera colli producta, ubique 
brunneo tincté: genis imis et gutture circumscripto nigris: dorso toto cinerascenti-brunneo, tectricibu 
alarum concoloribus, harum marginibus angustissimé pallidits marginatis: ala spurid nigricante ; remi- 
gibus brunneis, intus ad basin albis, extus angusté albo limbatis, secundariis latits marginatis, intimis 
dorsi colore lavatis: caudd brunned, vix cinereo lavata, pennis extus angusté albo marginatis: subtus 
albicans, pectoris superioris lateribus cinerascentibus: rostro et pedibus plumbeis: iride brunnea. 
3 hiem, similis ptilosi eestivee sed obscurior: supra olivascenti-brunneus, pileo etiam olivaceo lavato: subtus 
sordidé albus: gutturis nigredine olivaceo obscurata. 
? esti. similis mari adulto sed pallidior et pileo guttureque brunnescentibus vix nigricantibus. 
2 hiem. similis ptilosi estivee, sed obscurior, plumis fuscescente marginatis. 
3 guv. similis mari adulto sed multé pallidior, pileo vix quam dorsum saturatiore: dorsi plumarum scapis 
angusté albidis: tectricibus alarum majoribus albido terminatis: gutture toto cinerascente, et corpore 
reliquo subtus albo cineraceo lavato. 
Adult Male in breeding-plumage. Crown of the head, including the upper margin of the ear-coverts, deep 
sooty black, extending a little way down on to the nape; upper surface of the body ashy brown, the 
least wing-coverts of the same colour; the greater coverts a little darker, and narrowly edged with 
whitish, the primary coverts and bastard wing very dark brown, almost black, with narrow whitish 
edgings; quills greyish brown, the inner web white at the base, the primaries narrowly, and the 
secondaries more broadly edged with white, the innermost secondaries being washed with the same 
colour as the back; tail clear greyish brown, with white edgings, the shafts blackish brown above, 
whitish underneath ; sides of the face and neck whitish, the latter slightly washed with ashy brown; 
lower margin of the cheeks and entire throat deep sooty black; rest of the under surface of the body 
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