131 
PARUS CAHRULEUS. 
(BLUE TITMOUSE.) 
Parus ceruleus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 341 (1766). 
Cyanistes ceruleus, Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. p. 99 (1829). 
Parus cerulescens, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 463 (1831). 
Tom-tit, Nun, Blue-cap, Hickmall, Billybiter, English (Selby); Mésange bleue, French ; 
Cinciarella, Italian; Herrerillo, Spanish; Blawmeise, German; de Pimpel, Dutch; Blaa- 
meise, Blaakop, Danish; Blames, Swedish; Blaameise, Norwegian ; Sinitiitinen, Finnish ; 
Stkoramodra, Polish; Sinitza Lazarewka, Russian. 
Figure notabiles. 
Naum. Vog. Deutschl. iv. Taf. 95. figs. 1, 2; Gould, B. of Eur. iii. pl. 154; Yarr. Brit. B. 
1. p. 330; Kjerb. Orn. Dan. Afb. xxiii. fig. 4; Schl. Vog. Nederl. pl. 126; Sundey. Svensk. 
Fogl. pl. xvi. fig. 1; Fritsch, Vog. Europa’s, tab. 17. fig. 20; Gould, B. Gr. Br. part 2; 
Keulem. Onze Vogel, 14. 
3 estiv. pileo summo et collo toto postico leté cyaneis, héc paullo saturatiore: lined a basi maxille per oculum 
usque ad collum posticum ducté nigra cyaneo nitente: fascid pileum circumeunte, facie laterali toté et 
collo imo, albis, hdc posticé flavo tincto: dorso toto flavicanti-viridi, uropygio magis flavicante: tec- 
tricibus alarum cyaneis, majoribus albo terminatis, ut et tectricibus primariorum: remigibus nigri- 
cantibus, extus cyaneo marginatis, primariis versus apicem albo limbatis, secundariis intimis viridi 
marginatis et albo terminatis: caudé sordidé cyanea, subtus pallidiore, rectrice extima extus albo mar- 
ginata: subtus citrinus, gulé et plagd longitudinali per medium pectus nigris, hac cyaneo tincta: sub- 
alaribus pallidé citrinis: rostro nigricante: pedibus plumbeis: iride saturaté brunnea, vix nigricante. 
Q vix a mari distinguenda. 
3 hiem. ptilosi zestivee simillimus, sed gula nigré albo marginata et rectrice extima latius albo limbata. 
Juv. olivaceo-yiridis, pileo summo et collo postico saturatioribus, nigricantibus: cinctu capitali, facie laterali et 
lag&é nuchali citrinis nec albis: remigibus griseis, flavido terminatis, subtis leté citrinus, gula ima 
fo) to} a 2 $) 
fuscescente: rostro corneo, commissura flavicante. 
Adult male in summer. Crown of the head bright cobalt-blue; forehead white, as well as a line of feathers 
extending right round the blue crown; back of the neck dark blue, drawn down on each side and 
meeting underneath the throat; a line of blue-black feathers from the base of the upper mandible to 
the hinder neck, enclosing the eye and separating the white eyebrow from the cheeks ; the latter, as well 
as a patch of feathers on the hinder part of the neck, white, the latter shading into yellow on the lower 
part of the patch; back yellowish green, shading into yellow on the rump; wing-coverts deep cobalt, 
the greater and primary coverts tipped with white; quills blackish, outwardly washed with blue, the 
primaries edged with white, the inner secondaries with greenish, the dorsal secondaries marked at the 
3uU2 
