OD 
2 
with a warm ochreous tinge, the breast slightly marked with chestnut-red ; bill horn-colour ; iris brown ; 
legs black. Total length about 4:25 inches, culmen 0°4, wing 2°15, tail 1-95, tarsus 0°5. 
Adult Female (Piedmont, April). Differs from the male merely in having the head and neck greyer in tinge, 
the black on the forehead and sides of the head covering a smaller area, and the rest of the plumage 
rather duller in tinge than in the male, 
Young (Ural, July). Differs from the adult in having the forehead, crown, sides of the head, and hind neck 
ashy grey without any sign of black; back and rump dull warm cream-colour without any tinge of 
chestnut-red ; wings and tail as in the adult, but very broadly margined with buffy white or warm buff; 
entire underparts white. 
THE present species of Penduline Titmouse inhabits Southern Europe, ranging eastward at least 
as far as Turkestan; but whether further east Iam unable to state with certainty, not having 
been able to examine a specimen from the Amoor, where either this or an allied species occurs. 
It does not inhabit Great Britain or Scandinavia, and does not range far north in continental 
Europe. Mr. Taczanowski informs me that it is not uncommon in Poland, though, owing to its 
retiring habits, it is, comparatively speaking, but little known. It breeds numerously in various 
portions of the Government of Lublin, and is common on the shores of the lakes about fifteen 
kilometres from Lubartoff. Along the borders of the Vistula it occurs commonly in isolated 
pairs or small parties, and is met with even close to Warsaw. In Poland it is only a summer 
visitant, leaving on the approach of winter. Meyer states (Vog. Liv- u. Esthl. p. 159) that it is 
common in Lithuania; and Naumann says that, on the whole it is a rare bird in Germany, 
except perhaps in the southern and south-eastern portions. In Silesia and Austria it is seen 
annually, and this might be said of several other localities, were it not that this bird is so 
secretive in its habits. On the Salt Lake, in Mansfeld, it appears almost every year; and 
Bechstein states that in some seasons it is quite numerous in September and October on the 
Siebleber pond near Gotha. 
Borggreve records it as a rare straggler in South-eastern Germany; according to Schafer it 
has occurred once on the Mosel; and Gloger states that it is often found in Silesia, and that nests 
have been taken there. According to Mr. Carl Vangerow (J. f. O. 1855, p. 188), Dr. Kutter 
found a nest of this bird on a small island in the Zoological Gardens at Berlin, in 1854; and 
Pastor Passler states that his cousin, Dr. G. O. Piper, once found it breeding near Bernburg, on 
the Saale. Dr. Rey, however, says that, in spite of the statements by Naumann and Nitzsch, he 
doubts its ever having bred near Halle. 
I do not find any record of its having been met with in Holland; but it was once observed 
in the Department of the Moselle. Degland and Gerbe record it as found in the Department of 
Hérault, and numerous during the summer near Pézénas. It is also found in Provence during 
migration, and is occasionally seen on the Seine Inférieure. Mr. Hardy procured one near 
Dieppe. Jaubert and Barthélemy-Lapommeraye record it as sedentary, but rare, in Provence. 
It is tolerably often seen on the banks of the Rhéne and in the low plains of Languedoc. I do 
not find it recorded from Portugal; but it occurs in Spain, near Valencia, where it breeds at the 
Albufera and at Sueca. According to Bailly it is of accidental occurrence in Savoy during 
