166 
(9) 
where the Penduline Titmouse algne is said to occur. Dr. Severtzoff, in describing the present 
species as new, says that all those collected by Poltzam, which are now in the Kazan Museum: 
were obtained at Astrachan. It certainly does not range as far east as Turkestan; and examples 
I have seen from the Ural are referable to Aigithalus pendulinus; but I am quite unable to say 
how far to the westward it occurs, though probably it is not found far from the Volga. 
In habits the present species is said not to differ from the Penduline Titmouse ; and it builds 
the same peculiar gourd-shaped nest, laying eggs not distinguishable from those of that species. 
There are altogether, besides Mgithalus pendulinus and the present species, two other 
tolerably closely allied species—MHyithalus coronatus, Severtzoff (Turk. Jevotnie, p. 156), and 
igithalus macronyx, Severtzoff (Turk. Jevotnie, p. 137), both of which inhabit Turkestan. 
The former of these two, Hyithalus coronatus, is smaller than Aigithalus pendulinus, has a 
lighter back, and a white collar; the crown and sides of the head are black, a small spot in the 
centre of the crown being white, and some of the nuchal feathers tipped with white; the bill is 
also small and pointed. dgithalus macronyx, on the other hand, is a larger bird than Aigithalus 
pendulinus or. Aigithalus castaneus, has stouter and stronger legs and claws; but the fore part of 
the crown and the entire sides of the head and crown are black, the rest of the crown and nape 
- being reddish brown in old specimens; the margins to the wings and tail are not white, but pale 
brownish. Both species are figured by Severtzoff (op. cit. pl. 9), who, when he paid me a visit 
not long ago, kindly brought specimens for examination, and enabled me to convince myself that 
these are both good species. In my notes on Severtzoff’s work (Ibis, 1876, pp. 173, 174) I give 
a translation of this gentleman’s original descriptions, and also particulars as to their range. 
Before closing the article on the present species I may remark that M. Olphe-Galliard gives 
(Ibis, 1875, pp. 268, 269) an accurate description of the chestnut-crowned Titmouse, stating that 
he believes it to be new, but he does not give it a name. 
The specimens figured are the adult male and female above described, both of which are in 
my collection. 
Tn the preparation of the above article I have examined the following specimens :— 
E Mus. H. E. Dresser. 
a, 6, 3. Astrachan, May (Schliiter). c, d, 3. Astrachan, April 1872 (Méschler). e, 9, f, 2. Astrachan 
(Moschler) . 
