169 
SITTA EUROPAA. 
(NORTHERN NUTHATCH.) 
Sitta europea, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 177 (1766). 
Sitta septentrionalis, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 206 (1831). 
Sitta advena, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 207 (1831). 
Sitta uralensis, Licht. in Gloger, Handb. Vog. Deutschl. pp. 377, 388 (1854). 
Sitta asiatica, Gould, B. of Eur. iii. pl. 236 (1837). 
Sitta sericea, 'Temm. Man. d’Orn. iv. p. 645 (1840). 
Sitta suecica, Brehm, Naumannia, 1855, p. 274. 
Sitta sibirica, Brehm, tom. cit. p. 274. 
Spetmeise, Nadvekke, Norwegian; Spetmeise, Spethakker, Danish; Notvdcka, Swedish; 
Popolzen-Yamshik, Russian. 
Figure notabiles. 
Gould, B. of Eur. i. pl. 236; Sundey. Sv. Fogl. pl. ix. fig. 1; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. tab. 23. 
fig. 20. 
Ad. supra pulchré cinereus: remigibus brunneis, primariis extis cinereo limbatis, secundariis latius marginatis 
vix albido apicatis, intimis omnind dorso concoloribus: caudaé nigra, rectricibus duabus centralibus 
cinereis, proximis extus cinereo, intts albo terminatis, duabus extimis ad apicem cinereis, subtermi- 
naliter albo notatis, extime pogonio externo plerumque albo: fronte paulld albicante: fascia a basi 
rostri per oculos usque ad nucham producta nigrdé: macula supraoculari et corpore subtus toto albis, 
hypochondriis crissoque ferrugineis: subcaudalibus ferrugineis, albo conspicué terminatis: subalaribus 
nigris, axillaribus cinereis: rostro corneo-fusco, subtus albido: pedibus cinereo-lutescentibus: iride 
griseo-fusca. 
Adult Male (Stockholm, March 15th, 1871). Upper parts generally bright slaty blue, quills dark brownish 
slate, much lighter on the outer web, and slightly washed with pale rufous; the two central tail-feathers 
slaty blue, like the back, the outermost on each side black at the base, greyish at the tip, with a broad 
subterminal white band, the next in order similar, but having the band on the inner web only, the 
remainder black at the base and grey at the tip; from the base of the bill, through and behind the 
eye to the back, is a broad black line, indistinctly bordered on the upper edge with hoary grey ; throat, 
neck, and underparts generally pure white; flanks rich chestnut-red; under tail-coverts white, broadly 
margined with chestnut-red ; under wing-coverts blackish ; legs greyish; bill brownish horn, lower man- 
dible whitish ; iris greyish brown. Total length 6 inches, wing 3:5, tail 2-0, tarsus 0°8, culmen 0°85. 
Adult Female (Hareskov, Denmark, January 17th, 1871). Similar to the male, but having the red on the 
flanks much paler, and the lower part of the abdomen slightly washed with pale rufous buff. 
Young Female (Maltesholm, Sweden, June 11th, 1867). Upper parts much duller than in the adult bird, 
the black band through the eye not so dark-coloured; beak smaller and weaker, and the lower part of 
