Zao 
MOTACILLA LUGUBRIS. 
(PIED WAGTAIL.) 
Motacilla lugubris, Temm. Man. d’Orn. ed. 2, i. p. 253 (1820, nec 1835, nec 1840). 
Motacilla lotor, Rennie, in Mont. Orn. Dict. 2nd ed. p. 377 (1831). 
Motacilla yarrellii, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 74. 
Motacilla alba lugubris, Schlegel, Rev. Crit. p. 37 (1 844), 
Motacilla alba auctt. Britt. (nec Linn.). 
Sreac-an-t -sil, Gaelic; Ballerina nera, Italian; Sortrygget vipstjert, Danish. 
Figure notabiles. 
Werner, Atlas, Insectivores, pl. 78; Kjzrb. Orn. Dan. taf. xix.; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. taf. 21. 
fig. 22; Naumann, Vog. Deutschl. taf. 377. fig. 1; Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 141; id. B. of 
Gepb ani ple ale 
3 ad. ptil. est. Motacille albe similis, sed dorso nigro, capite concolori nec cinereo. 
2 ad. ptil. est. mari similis sed minor, dorso saturaté plumbescenti-cinereo nigro notato. 
Ptil. hiem. Motacille albe similis, sed corpore supra conspicué saturatiore. 
Adult Male in summer (Cookham, 23rd April). Hind crown, nape, back, rump, scapulars, lesser wing- 
coverts, throat, and breast glossy jet-black ; forehead, nearly to the centre of the crown, sides of the 
head and of the neck, and underparts below the breast pure white; quills black, the primaries externally 
narrowly edged with white, the secondaries and larger coverts being broadly margined with the same 
colour; the two outer rectrices on each side white, narrowly margined with black on the basal portion 
of the inner web, the rest of the tail beg black; flanks washed with greyish black; legs and beak 
black; iris dark brown. Total length about 7-5 inches, culmen 0:6, wing 3:6, tail 3°75, tarsus 1-0, 
hind toe with claw 0°5, hind claw 0:3. 
Adult Female. Differs from the male in being somewhat smaller in size, and in having the back dark lead- 
grey, marked with black, not pure black.» In the winter dress it does not differ in coloration from 
the male. 
Adult in winter (Hampstead, 18th October). Hind crown and nape black; back deep lead-grey, mottled 
with black; rump black; forehead, sides of head and neck, and throat white, slightly tinged with 
sulphur-yellow; black on the breast forming a crescent with the points directed upwards; underparts 
white ; flanks washed with grey ; wings and tail as in the summer dress. 
Young (West Drayton, 20th July). Upper parts dull grey, with an olive-buff tinge; margins to the quills 
and wing-coverts dull buffy white; throat, sides of the neck, and breast buffy white, with a yellowish 
27 
