4 
there. In Ireland it is generally distributed in suitable localities, though not found everywhere 
throughout the country. It has not been met with in Iceland, the Feroes, or Norway, and it 
has only once been obtained in Sweden. Nor has it occurred in Finland; but it is found in 
Central Russia, near Moscow, though it does not range as far as the Jaroslaf Government. 
Mr. Sabaniieff says that, strange to say, it is more frequently met with in the Northern than in 
the Southern Ural. It is very common in the Pavdinskaya Dacha; and, according to Teplouhoff, 
it breeds on the left shore of the Kama, in about 583° N. lat. Southward of Ekaterinburg it is 
more rarely met with. I have no data respecting its occurrence in Poland or the Baltic Pro- 
vinces; it appears doubtful if it breeds in Pomerania or Prussia; and, according to Borggreve, 
it has only once occurred in Posen. Though not very numerous in Saxony, it may, Dr. Rey says, 
always be found in suitable localities, and some few remain over the winter. 
According to Boie it has also been once met with at Kiel, in Holstein; but Mr. Benzon 
informs me that it has never been known to occur in Denmark. In Western Germany it is not 
uncommon, and I have frequently met with it in Rhenish Prussia. Mr. Sachse tells me that it 
appears at Altenkirchen in March, or in mild seasons in February, generally singly, but some- 
times in pairs, remains to breed, and leaves again in October, some few remaining throughout 
the winter. In the Black Forest I found it in June very common on all the mountain-streams ; 
but where these reach the plains it is no longer seen. In Belgium it breeds in the hilly and 
mountainous districts, and during the winter frequents the unfrozen streams on the plains; and 
Mr. Labouchere informs me that in Holland it is seldom seen in any province but that of 
Guelderland, where it breeds. In the northern and more level portions of France it only occurs 
in autumn and winter; but in the hilly and rugged districts, such as the Basses Pyrénées and the 
Basses Alpes and the Var, it is resident. Professor Barboza du Bocage speaks of it as being 
resident in Portugal; and it is found at all seasons of the year in Spain. Colonel Irby says that 
“in Andalucia they are most abundant on passage and during the winter months; but many pairs 
nest along the mountain-streams of the sierras.” Mr. Howard Saunders writes (Ibis, 1871, 
p- 215) that it “was often observed at Malaga in winter; and in the Sierra Nevada and other 
ranges it is abundant along the mountain-torrents.” And in a note from Mr. A. C. Stark, this 
gentleman informs me :—‘“ it breeds very commonly on all the rocky streams in the Sierra del 
Nino, in Andalucia. There is generally a nest near each waterfall or mill-wheel. On an average 
I should say there were a pair of birds to every half mile of stream. On the 9th April I pointed 
out a nest to Colonel Irby; it was snugly ensconced in the hole of a rock on a stream that crosses 
the Tarifa-road, not far from Algeciraz. ‘The bird was sitting; but I was unable to examine the 
contents of nest, as it was at such a height as to be inaccessible without the help of a ladder.” 
In Savoy the present species of Wagtail is also resident and numerous; and it occurs throughout 
Italy in suitable localities, though it is nowhere numerically abundant. In Sicily it is more 
numerous in winter, but some remain throughout the year; and it is said to be resident in 
Sardinia. Mr. C. A. Wright records it from Malta, and says (Ibis, 1864, p. 62) that it “ arrives 
about the middle of September, and is common in October, a few remaining till March. Always 
solitary or in couples, it is very partial to shady spots by the side of running water and the sea- 
shore. It breeds here in April.” It was considered by both Von der Miihle and Lindermayer 
to be a winter visitant only to Greece; and the former observes that he obtained a specimen 
