2 
taf. xix.; Frisch, Vog. Deutschl. taf. 23; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. taf. 17. figs. 17,18; Naumann, 
Vog. Deutschl. taf. 88; Sundevall, Sv. Fogl. pl. ix. figs. 4,5; Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 146; 
id. B. of G. Brit. iii. pl. 4; Dall & Bannister, Trans. Chic. Ac. Se. i. pl. xxx. fig. 1. 
3 ad. ptil. est. capite summo et capitis lateribus cum nucha cerulescenti-cinereis, stria supra oculum ducta et 
stria indistincté suboculari albis: dorso viridi-olivaceo vix cinereo mixto, uropygio et supracaudalibus 
magis flavescentibus: remigibus saturaté fuscis, primariis vix flavo, secundariis et tectricibus alarum 
conspicué flavido vel ochrascente albido marginatis: rectricibus duabus exterioribus utrinque albis, in 
pogonio interno ad basin obliqué nigro-fusco marginatis, reliquis nigro-fuscis: mento albo: corpore 
subtus pulcherrimé flavo: rostro et pedibus nigris: iride fusca. 
2 ad. sordidior, corpore supra pallidiore, capite et nuchd non cerulescenti-cinereis sed sordidé cinereis vix 
olivaceo tinctis, gula et pectore supremo albis vix flavo lavatis, corpore subtus imo flavo. 
Adult Male (Andalucia, 2nd May). Crown, nape, and sides of the head ashy blue; from the base of the 
bill a white stripe passes over and behind the eye; and there is an indication of another streak below 
the eye; back and rump deep greenish grey, becoming green on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; 
quills dark brown, the primaries narrowly edged with yellow, and the secondaries and wing-coverts 
more broadly margined with yellowish or buffy white; the two outer tail-feathers on each side white, 
with a narrow black line on the basal portion of the inner web, remaining tail-feathers blackish brown ; 
chin white, gradually merging into rich canary-yellow, which latter colour pervades the entire under- 
parts; bill and legs black; iris brown. Total length about 53 to 6 inches, culmen 0°62, wing 3:2, 
tail 2-9, tarsus 1:0, hind toe with claw 0:65, hind claw 0°32. 
Adult Female (Piedmont, 20th April). Differs from the male in having the upper parts paler, the crown 
and nape dull grey with a faint olivaceous tinge, the eye-streak less distinct, it beimg dull white, the 
throat and upper breast white, washed with yellow, and the underparts paler yellow than in the male. 
Young (Saxony). Upper parts dull greyish brown, with an olivaceous tinge ; over each eye a broad yellowish 
or buffy white streak, above which, on each side of the crown, a blackish brown stripe passes; from the 
base of the lower mandible a dull white streak passes down the side of the throat, also bordered by 
black ; inner quills and scapulars broadly margined with buffy or yellowish white, primaries narrowly 
edged with pale yellow, wing-coverts broadly tipped with buffy white; tail as in the adult, but duller; 
underparts dull white, becoming sulphur-yellow on the lower breast, and rest of the underparts, breast, 
and sides of the neck marked with blackish brown. 
Obs. It would appear from specimens before me, that from the stage of plumage above described the young 
bird becomes in the winter much greyer, and loses the broad margins to the feathers and the black 
markings on the throat, head, and breast. A specimen from Lake Baikal has the crown, nape, and 
back dull greyish, with a faint yellowish tinge, the eye-streak clearly defined, and white, the wings and 
tail as in the adult, but with very little trace of yellow in the edgings, and the underparts white, 
slightly washed with grey on the flanks and breast, and faintly tinged with yellow on the lower flanks. 
Another specimen, also from Lake Baikal, has the eye-streak and underparts tinged with buff, and no 
trace of yellow in the plumage. Another specimen, shot at Etawah on the Ist of February, shows the 
change from these into the adult dress; for it resembles the first of these examples closely, except that 
part of the crown has become rich blue-grey, the eye-streak is whiter; a few of the rich-coloured 
dorsal feathers of the adult dress have appeared here and there on the back; and part of the lower 
throat and a patch on the sides of the breast are rich yellow, the rest of the underparts being white. 
