4 
in March, and on its return in September and October; but only a small number pass the 
summer and breed in Savoy, principally in the moister and more northern districts. Savi says 
that it is abundant in Tuscany in the autumn and winter, but he is not aware that it ever breeds 
there; and Professor Doderlein records it as very common in winter in Sicily, but maintains 
that it does not ever remain to breed. 
In Malta, Mr. C. A. Wright states (Ibis, 1864, p. 61), it is “exceedingly plentiful in October 
and November, and commences arriving when the Short-toed Larks disappear. A good many 
stay the winter. Passes again in March.” In Greece it appears to be a winter visitant only ; 
and Lindermayer (V6g. Griechenl. p. 77) says that it winters on the islands of the Archipelago, 
in the Peloponnesus, and Rumelia, arriving about the middle of October and leaving in March, 
not remaining to breed. I met with it commonly in Southern Germany; and my friend the late 
Mr. Seidensacher informed me that it did not winter in Styria, but arrived in March, or occa- 
sionally in February, and left again in October. Dr. A. Fritsch records it as common in Bohemia 
during the summer. I observed it in all the countries bordering the Danube in the spring; and 
Messrs. Elwes and Buckley say that it is common in Turkey. It is said to be numerous in 
Southern Russia, where Dr. G. Radde (J. f. O. 1854, p. 58) found it common near Simferopol, 
but did not observe it there in the summer. He shot specimens, however, in May near the 
Salgir. 
It is found in Asia Minor; and Canon Tristram (Ibis, 1866, p. 289) says that it “ occurs in 
small numbers throughout the winter everywhere, and a few pairs were found by us in favourable 
localities up to midsummer. A specimen shot at Jericho, on new year’s day, is so peculiar in its 
coloration that it might well pass for another species. It is without the dark spots on the flanks, 
and those on the throat are of the faintest; yet I can see no specific characters to afford a 
diagnosis. Other specimens obtained in the same district are precisely like our own.” In 
North-eastern Africa it appears to be uncommon, as Captain Shelley (B. of Eg. p. 131) speaks of 
it as ‘‘of rare occurrence in Egypt and Nubia, where it is a winter visitor. I have only seen one 
Egyptian specimen, which was killed near Alexandria in April;” and Captain Clark-Kennedy 
informs me that he only met with it once in Egypt, when he saw a pair, in company with some 
Crested Larks, near El Kab, and shot one, merely to make certain of the species, which, not 
then knowing that it was so rare in that country, he did not preserve. Mr. Jesse states (Trans. 
Zool. Soc. vol. vii. p. 259) that he obtained it in Abyssinia; but I find on examining the specimen 
he obtained, that it is referable to A. cervinus, and not, as stated by him, to the present species. 
In North-western Africa it appears, however, to be more numerous; and Loche records it as 
common in Algeria, where, he states, it breeds; but this latter assertion I should almost be 
inclined to doubt, though Mr. O. Salvin shot one at Kef Laks as late as April. 
It is not easy to define the limits of its eastern range; for in many instances A. cervinus has 
doubtless been mistaken for it. De Filippi, however, notes its occurrence at Tiflis and Trebizond ; 
and Mr. A. O. Hume states (Ibis, 1869, p. 355) that he obtained it from near Ferozpoor, in 
India, and writes (Ibis, 1871, p. 36) as follows :—“ Although I felt little doubts that the speci- 
mens I had procured belonged to this species, I sent one for comparison with European specimens 
to M. Verreaux, who says:—‘ In this bird, as in many others received from warm climates, there 
appears to have been some slight modification in tint; but it is impossible to consider it distinct 
