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close to her without rising; and when she does fly off, it is with a cowering, fluttering motion, 
with the tail expanded, as if she were under the influence of disease or extreme terror. I have 
several times caught the female while sitting on her eggs, by creeping up, having previously 
marked the nest, and clapping my hand upon it.” 
The nest is neatly constructed of grass straws, lined with finer bents, fine rootlets, and horse- 
hair, and is somewhat large and bulky. It is always placed on the ground, amongst the grass in 
an open meadow, or under shelter of a tussock or tuft of grass, and is carefully concealed. The 
eges, varying from four to six, but most generally five in number, are subject to considerable 
variation in colour and markings, but have usually the ground-colour dull light grey, occasionally 
with a brownish tinge, and are closely spotted and dotted with dusky brown, reddish brown, or 
purplish grey; some in the series I possess have the spots collected in a ring round the larger 
end, where they are so closely distributed as to hide the ground-colour, the remainder of the egg 
being far less closely marked. In size they average 24 by 3é inch, some, however, being a trifle 
larger and others smaller. 
The specimen figured, on the same Plate with Anthus trivialis, is the bird I have described 
in spring plumage, particulars of locality &c. being given above. 
In the preparation of the above article I have examined the following specimens :— 
E Mus. H. HE. Dresser. 
a, 8. Brighton, November 12th, 1868 (H.E.D.). 6. Cookham, September 10th, 1869 (W. Briggs). c. Pag- 
ham, September 38rd, 1869 (A/fr. Grant). d,?. Pagham, April 23rd, 1870 (R. B. Sharpe). e, 3. Pagham, 
July 11, 1870 (R. B. Sharpe). f, g. Aboyne, September 23rd, 1871. h. Hastings, September 13th, 1860 
(H. EH. D.). i. Aboyne, September 23rd 1871 (R. B. Sharpe). k. Hampstead, November 18th, 1869 
(Davy). 1. Hampstead, September 16th, 1869 (Davy). m. Sweden (Wheelwright). n, 3. Quickjock, 
Lapland, July 4th, 1864 (Meves). 0,3. Leiden, Holland, October 22nd, 1870. p. Spain (Saunders). 
g. Bergamasca, November 1868 (Salvadori). 1,3. Mezen, N. Russia, June 6th, 1873 (Piottuch). 
s. Tangiers, Africa (Olcese). ¢. North Africa (Verreauz). 
E Mus. H. B. Tristram. 
a. Algiers, 1855 (4. B.T.). 6. Algiers, February 1856 (H. B. T.). c, g. Seaton, March 24th, 1866 (H. B. T.). 
d, 3. Seaton, March 26th, 1866 (H. B.T.), e. Kishon, March 19th, 1864(H.B.T7.). 7,3. Mt. Tegetus, 
February 22nd, 1858 (H. B. 7.). g,¢. Gennesareth, March 4th, 1864 (H. B. T.). h. Castle Eden, 
Durham (H. B. T.). 
E Mus. Howard Saunders. 
a, Hampstead, September 16th (Davy). b,d,0¢,2,d. Valencia, October 20th. e. Malaga, November 4th 
(7. 8.). f. Tangier (Olcese). 
E Mus. Salvin and Godman. 
a. Surrey, January 1857 (F. G.). 6,2. Cambridgeshire, May 12th, 1856 (O. S.).  c, uv. Cambridgeshire, 
November 14th, 1856 (F.G.). d,d. Bodé, Norway, May 26th, 1856 (F. G.). 
