3 
In Scandinavia it is common, being found during the seasons of migration in the southern 
parts of the country, and breeding in some abundance, but very locally, in the most northern parts. 
In Norway, Mr. Collett writes, ‘‘ this species is probably most widely distributed in East Finmark, 
being commoner there in certain localities, according to divers naturalists, even than A. pratensis: 
In West Finmark, possibly, it is less abundant, but would not appear to be wanting anywhere. 
On the Porsangerfjord I found it at Kistrand, also on Magerden (North Cape), and at Troms. 
South of the Polar Circle its occurrence has not yet been established with certainty, though it 
has been supposed to have occurred at Trondhjem; nor is it known to have been observed during 
migration, no doubt owing to the easterly direction of its line of passage.” Mr. Meves caught 
specimens near Stockholm in the month of September, when they were in full winter dress, and 
kept them caged to watch the changes of plumage, and states that they attained their full 
summer dress in May, which is about the time they would arrive at their breeding-haunts in 
Northern Scandinavia. In Lapland it is common in some parts; and I give below Professor 
Newton’s notes on its nidification near Vadsd, on the Varanger fiord, where Pastor Sommerfelt 
states that it is common, and in some places, as on the Meske-elf, in Nesseby, at Karlebotten, 
and at Polmak, more numerous than the Meadow-Pipit. Professor Malmgren informs me that 
it has been found breeding on Ounastunturi, a ridge behind Muonioniska (the place where 
Mr. Wolley so successfully collected), by several Finnish students, one of whom was, I believe, 
Dr. Palmén, who has since finished Von Wright’s ‘ Finlands Foglar,’ left in an incomplete state 
owing to the death of that naturalist. The nests taken on Ounastunturi were obtained in 1867, 
when the spring was unusually late and cold in Finland, and this inclement weather continued 
as late as the month of June. In Central Finland this Pipit is only seen during migration; but, 
according to Von Wright (Finl. Fogl. p. 148), Liljeborg obtained it at Schuretskaja, and Malm 
shot a pair at Sensjarvi, in Enare Lapland. It occurs in Northern Russia; and Von Heuglin 
records it (Ibis, 1872, p. 61) as “not uncommon at Waigats, and on the Nikolskaja. In pairs on 
swampy meadow-lands. The moult of the adult takes place in the beginning of September.” 
I have also received it through our Russian collector, Mr. Piottuch, from Mezen, in the Govern- 
ment of Archangel. Mr. Leonida Sabandeff informs me that he met with it in the Government 
of Jaroslaf, where he believes that it breeds; it is, however, he says, commoner near Moscow 
than A. pratensis, and is observed in smaller flocks, and later in the season of migration. 
Eversmann says that it breeds on the banks of the Volga and Ural rivers. Sabanieff himself 
found it common in the marshy portions of the black-earth plains in the Ekaterinburg and 
Shadrinsk districts. Eversmann records it as commoner than A. pratensis in the Government of 
Orenburg during migration; but this statement is called in question by Bogdanoff. In Poland, 
Mr. Taczanowski writes, it “‘is very rare; and I only know of one instance of its having bred, in 
the marshes near Warsaw.” In Germany it is rare; and Borggreve does not include it in his list 
of birds occurring in Northern Germany; but owing to its close resemblance, when in winter- 
plumage, to Anthus pratensis, it may easily have been overlooked. Naumann figures a specimen 
with the red throat as an old male of the Meadow-Pipit. It has, according to Professor Blasius 
(Ibis, 1862, p. 91), been met with on Heligoland; but it does not appear to have been recorded 
from Holland or Belgium. 
In France it is recorded by Degland and Gerbe as a visitor to the southern provinces, and 
F 
30] 
