5 
include it in their work on the birds of East Africa, though I have before me a specimen in the 
collection of Canon Tristram said to have come from Madagascar. It is found during the winter 
season in North-western Africa; but Major Loche says that it is not common in Algeria, and only 
found in small companies of three and four individuals. ‘The specimens in the Museum of Algiers 
were obtained in the environs of Djelfa. Mr. Taczanowski informs me that he frequently met 
with it on the borders of Lake Fezzara, where the water is brackish; but it was so shy that he 
could not obtain a specimen. 
To the eastward the Red-throated Pipit is found in Persia, Siberia, and India, to China and 
Japan. Mr. Severtzoff records it from South-eastern Russia and Turkestan, and states (Turkest. 
Jevotn. p. 140) that “it occurs in large flocks, keeping separate from the Meadow- and Tree- 
Pipits; at Sarepta it is more numerous during migration than those two species, but is rarer on 
the lower part of the Ural river. In Turkestan, however, where those two Pipits are numerous, 
the present species is only met with singly, and those obtained there and on the Caspian belong 
to the race having only the throat and not the breast red.” Mr. Blanford met with it in South- 
east Persia and Baluchistan, and has lent to me for examination the specimens collected by him 
there. 
It is rather difficult to trace its range through India, as it has been mixed up by the various 
authors on Indian ornithology with Anthus rosaceus—a species which, it appears to me, bears 
much closer relationship to Anthus spinoletta than to the present bird, and which may at once 
be distinguished by its sulphur-yellow axillaries. Dr. Jerdon (B. of I. ii. p. 238) states that “it 
has been found in the Himalayas (where it appears to breed), in China, also rarely in Burmah, 
the Andamans, in Siam, and in Western India, if Mr. Gould’s bird be found to be the same. 
In the Himalayas it frequents the higher elevations chiefly, and the interior of the hills. I did 
not myself procure it at Darjeeling; but specimens were obtained in Sikhim by Lieutenant 
Beayan ; and Mr. Hodgson procured it in Nepal;” but a portion of this, especially as to its 
being found breeding in the Himalayas, must, I think, refer to Anthus rosaceus, as out of a 
large series of Pipits from North-western India I found numbers of Anthus rosaceus, but no 
examples of the present species. In Siberia the Red-throated Pipit occurs commonly in high 
northern latitudes. Middendorff observed it only occasionally on the ‘Taimyr river; but on the 
Boganida (71° N. lat.) it was as common as on the Russian shores of the Arctic ocean in 
Lapland. In Siberia it inhabits the “tundras;” but in South-east Siberia he shot one on the 
26th of May in the Stanowoi Mountains. He also refers to another Pipit (of which a female 
was shot at Udskoj-Ostrog) under the name of A. rufogularis; but I agree with Professor 
Sundevall in thinking that this bird may possibly have been a Rock-Pipit of the form described 
by Nilsson under the name of A. rupestris. It is not recorded by Von Schrenck or Radde, who, 
on the other hand, refer to the occurrence of Anthus japonicus on the Amoor—a species which, 
Mr. Swinhoe assures me, is perfectly distinct from the present bird, being more closely allied to 
our Meadow-Pipit. Mr. Swinhoe informs me that it “is found the winter through in moist and 
marshy places in the south of China (Amoy, Canton, &c.). It usually occurs in small flocks. 
Its note is lower and softer than that of the Meadow-Pipit at home. If one rises alone it seldom 
utters a sound, but settles again at a safe distance; but if startled, the whole flock springs into 
the air; and each, rising and falling with sharp undulation, utters its ‘see, see’ at every jerk. 
F2 
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