6 
Their food consists of all fresh-water snails, grass-seeds, and small insects generally. After the 
spring moult the face and the superciliary region are reddish. ‘The feathers of the breast also 
undergo a partial moult, and the black spots disappear. ‘The birds then begin to move north- 
wards; but other flocks of the same species continue to arrive, staying a few days, and then also 
going north. ‘This goes on till about the middle of May, when most individuals of the arriving 
flocks have acquired a ruddy or vinous rosy tint on the throat and breast, and the underparts 
have only a few dark spots on the flanks. ‘They seem to resort to high latitudes to breed. I 
have a full summer-plumaged bird kindly given me in exchange by Dr. Schrenck, of St. Peters- 
burg. I was formerly under the impression that the A. japonicus of the ‘Fauna Japonica’ 
would turn out to be nothing but this species; but during my stay at Ningpo I not only found 
A. japonicus there, but also received a specimen of the same through Dr. Schrenck from Amoor- 
land. It is doubtless a good species, being in habits much more like the Meadow-Pipit of 
Europe than its cervine cousin. A. japonicus in winter spreads in large parties over the rice- 
stubbles; and in rising it hovers and emits the familiar note of the Meadow-Pipit. In summer 
I did not see it at Ningpo; so I presume it wanders further for the purpose of nidification. We 
have no record of A. cervinus occurring in Japan; but it may probably have been confounded 
with A. japonicus. The latter species is well described in the ‘Fauna Japonica. I have also 
lately received from Lord Walden several specimens obtained by Mr. Wardlaw Ramsay on the 
Andaman Islands, some being in winter plumage, whereas others are nearly in full breeding- 
dress. Keyserling and Blasius (J. ¢.) state that it occurs in Kamtschatka and on the neighbouring 
islands; and it may doubtless be looked for in Japan, though I only find A. japonicus, which, as 
before stated, is said to be a distinct species, recorded from there. 
I am indebted to Professor Newton for the following notes on the nidification and habits 
999 
of the present species, they being, with some trifling alterations, those communicated by him to 
Dr. Bree, and published by the latter in his work on the Birds of Europe :—“ On the 22nd of 
June, 1855, a few days after our arrival at Vadso, in East Finmark, Mr. Hudleston and I, in 
the course of a birds’-nesting walk to the north-east of the town, to the distance perhaps of a 
couple of English miles, came upon a bog, whose appearance held out greater promise to our 
ornithological appetites than we had hitherto met with in Norway. We had crossed the 
meadows near the houses, where Temminck’s Stint and the Shore-Lark were trilling out their 
glad notes, and traversed a low ridge of barren moor, where the solicitude of a pair of Golden 
Plovers plainly told us that they had eggs or young near us. A Dunlin’s nest was speedily 
found, and the bird procured to identify it; for we had hopes of all sorts of waders in that 
remote district. A little while after, as I was cautiously picking my way over the treacherous 
ground, I saw a Pipit dart out from beneath my feet, and alight again close by, in a manner 
which I was sure could only be that of a sitting hen. I had but to step off the grass-grown 
hillock on which I was standing to see the nest ensconced in a little nook, half covered by 
herbage. But the appearance of the eggs took me by surprise; they were unlike any I knew, 
of a brown colour, indeed, but of a brown so warm that I could only liken it to that of old 
mahogany wood, and compare them in my mind with those of the Lapland Bunting. However, 
there was the bird running about so close to me, that with my glass I could see her almost as 
well as if she had been in my hand. That she was a Pipit was undeniable; and thoughts of a 
