a 
10 
2 
taf. 17; Fritsch, Vog. Deutschl. taf. 16. fig.1; Naumann, Vog. Deutschl. taf. 84. fig. 2; 
Sundeyall, Sv. Fogl. pl. viii. fig. 4; Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 139; id. B. of G. B. iii. pl. xiv. ; 
Schlegel, Vog. Nederl. pl. 97; Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, tab. xxiil.; Roux, 
Orn. Prov. pl. 187. 
3 ad. pileo et corpore supra olivascenti-brunneis, pilei et dorsi plumis medialiter saturaté fuscis: uropygio 
fere immaculato: remigibus saturaté fuscis, primariis in pogonio externo vix olivascente brunneo mar- 
ginatis, secundariis et tectricibus alarum majoribus conspicué pallidé brunneo marginatis, his albido 
apicatis: tectricibus alarum medianis et minoribus conspicué albido terminatis : cauda ut in A. pratensi 
picturaté: corpore subtis albo, gutture et pectore cum hypochondriis rufescente ochraceo lavatis, 
pectore valdé nigricante brunneo guttato, et hypochondriis eodem colore striatis: rostro saturate 
brunneo, mandibula ad basin pallidiore: pedibus pallidé brunneis: iride fuscd: ungue postico breviore, 
curvato. 
Q haud a mare distinguenda. 
Adult Male (Hampstead, 20th April). Upper parts olive-brown, the feathers on the crown and back, and 
to a very slight extent also on the rump, with dark brown centres; quills dark brown, the primaries 
very imperceptibly edged with pale olive-brown on the outer web, secondaries and larger wing-coverts 
broadly margined with light brown; wing-coverts broadly tipped with dirty white, which is less con- 
spicuous on the larger coverts than on the others; tail as in Anthus pratensis; underparts white, on the 
throat and breast washed with pale rusty ochre; sides of the throat marked with blackish brown, and 
on the breast very strongly spotted with the same colour; flanks washed with rusty buff, rather paler 
than the breast, and striped with dark brown; under tail-coverts rather clouded with buff; under wing- 
coverts dirty white; bill dark brown, under mandible lighter at the base; iris dark brown; legs light 
brown. ‘Total length 6 inches, culmen 0°6, wing 3°42, tail 2°7, tarsus 0°9, hind toe with claw 0°68, 
hind claw 0:3. 
Adult Male in autumn (Maslak, Turkey, 2nd October). Does not differ materially from the specimen above 
described, but has the upper surface of the body of a rather richer olive-tint. 
Female. Undistinguishable from the male in plumage. 
Obs. 
Besides the difference in the length of the hind claw between the present species and A. pratensis, 
that of the former being much arched, and measuring 0°28-0°3, whereas in A. pratensis it is straighter 
and measures 0°45-0'5, the present species may usually be distinguished by the arrangement of the 
primaries, having the first and second almost equal, the third about 0:1 shorter than the second, and 
the fourth about 0:23 shorter than the second, and the fifth about 0:35 shorter than the fourth, whereas 
in A. pratensis the first four primaries are equal, and the fifth about 0°35 shorter than the fourth. I 
find, however, that in a large series the arrangement of the primaries is never altogether constant, but 
generally varies somewhat. 
After a most careful examination of specimens from various parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, I find that 
all are referable to one species. It is true that the examples from India are, as a rule, rather purer - 
and greener in colour, and have the spots on the breast boldly defined; but in the series of European 
specimens I have before me I have no difficulty in selecting birds absolutely identical in colour and 
markings, and I have one from the south of England as green as any of those from Asia. The brightest- 
coloured specimens, however, that I have ever had the opportunity of examining were two from the 
Khasi and Garo hills, in India, lately lent to me by Major Godwin-Austen. 
