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Tue Tree-Pipit inhabits during the summer season the northern and central portions of Europe 
and Asia, migrating southward in the late autumn, and remaining over the winter in the south 
of Europe and Asia and in Northern Africa. It is also said to be met with during the summer 
season in North-western Africa; but, so far as I can ascertain, this statement somewhat requires 
further confirmation. 
With us in Great Britain it is, though common in some localities, much more local than its 
close congener the Meadow-Pipit, and does not range so far north. Mr. A. G. More writes that 
it is scarce in Cornwall and Wales; but Mr. Cecil Smith informs me that it is a “common species 
during the summer in Somersetshire, generally arriving early in April.” He says, “‘A short time 
ago, about the end of October, I was staying for a few days at Exmouth; and on Sunday the 
26th as I was taking a walk along the cliffs I saw a flock of about twenty Tree-Pipits collected 
together. They were very restless, flying in flocks from the top of one bramble or furze-bush, 
on which they were most of them perched, to another; they were probably collected here prepa- 
ratory to taking their migratory flight. I mention this little incident of seeing the flock of Tree- 
Pipits collected together at this time of the year, as I see Meyer rather thinks they migrate singly, 
and not in flocks.” It is tolerably common in most parts of the counties near London, in suitable 
localities; and Mr. Stevenson and Mr. Cordeaux speak of it as a common summer resident in the 
eastern counties. In Scotland, according to Mr. R. Gray (B. of W. of Scotl. p. 114), it is in 
general rather rare than otherwise; and he writes respecting its distribution as follows :—“ The 
only Scottish district in which I have found this summer Pipit in any thing like abundance, is 
comprehended within a circle of a few miles around Glasgow. In the neighbourhood of Possil 
it is very common in the outskirts of woods, especially on its arrival in spring, and may be 
observed perched on the summit of an elm or ash tree, from which it repeatedly ascends to a 
height of twenty or thirty feet, uttering a series of twitterings, and returning to its perch with 
almost motionless wing, the descent being slowly performed in a curve. In other parts of 
Western Scotland the species is distributed from Inverness-shire to the Rhinns of Galloway, but 
is by no means plentiful. I have found it in scattered pairs throughout the summer near Girvan, 
in Ayrshire, and also in the south of Wigtownshire, where in autumn its numbers increase for 
about a week or ten days previous to its migratory flight southwards. On the east coast this 
Pipit seems equally dispersed over the seaboard counties from Berwick to Banffshire, extending 
its flight occasionally as far as Orkney. In some of the inland counties I have also observed it, 
viz. in Dumfries, Stirling, and Roxburgh. Mr. Alston likewise finds it in the Upper Ward of 
Lanarkshire.” In Ireland, according to Thompson, it is not satisfactorily known to have occurred ; 
nor do I find it recorded from Greenland, Iceland, or the Feroe islands. 
In Scandinavia it does not range so far north as the Meadow-Pipit. Mr. Collett writes that 
it breeds commonly in the valley of the Maalselv, near Tromsé, in Norway, where he met with it 
in June 1872. It does not appear to occur further north, though he thinks it may possibly be 
found in Alten. On the Swedish side it is found, according to Nilsson and Sundevall, from 
Skane up into the arctic circle, though not so common in the north as A. pratensis and A. cer- 
vinus; Lowenhjelm met with it at Lycksele and Quickjock; Malm observed it in Enare-Lapland, 
but not at Utsjoki; Professor Liljeborg found it numerous at Tromso. In Finland it is common 
throughout the entire country, and, Professor Malmgren informs me, is found up into 683° N. 
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