2 
Pipit rousseline, French; Calandrina, Catalan; Petinha, Portuguese; Curintumi, Sicilian ; 
Calandro, Italian; Bilblun, Maltese; Der Brachpieper, German; De Duinpieper, Dutch; 
Filtpiplirka, Swedish; Swiergotckpolny, Polish; Stschewritza-polewaya, Russian. 
Figure notabiles. 
D’Aubenton, Pl. Enl. 654. figs. 1, 2, 661. fig. 1; Werner, Atlas, Insectivores, pl. 85 ; 
Kjerbélling, Orn. Dan. taf. xvii.; Fritsch, Vog. Kur. taf. 16. fig. 8; Sundevall, Sy. Fog]. 
pl. 8. fig. 5; Naumann, Vog. Deutschl. pl. 84. fig. 1; Schlegel, Vog. Nederl. pl. 94; 
Roux, Orn. Prov. pl. 191. figs. 1, 2; Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 137; id. B. of G. B. iii. pl. 9. 
3 ad. supra grisescenti-ochraceus: pileo et dorso indistincté fulvido striatis, uropygio vix pallidiore: remigibus 
nigricanti-brunneis, primariis in pogonio externo vix cervino marginatis, secundariis et tectricibus 
alarum laté rufescente ochraceo marginatis, his eodem colore apicatis: rectricibus duabus externis 
albidis, in pogonio interno dimidio basali nigricante marginatis: reliquis nigricanti-brunneis, centrali- 
bus rufescente ochraceo marginatis: superciliis, gulé et corpore subtus albidis isabellino lavatis : 
pectore et hypochondriis rufescente isabellino adumbratis, illo maculis nonnullis fuscis notato : rostro 
supra nigricante, subtts versus basin flavido: pedibus flavicanti-brumneis: iride brunneda. 
2 haud a mare distinguenda. 
Adult Male (Portugal, April). Upper parts sandy ochraceous, with a grey tinge, almost all the feathers with 
a dull dark brown centre, which gives the upper parts an indistinct striated appearance; rump lighter 
in colour and less marked with brown; upper tail-coverts similar, but the feathers have the central 
stripe more fully developed; wings blackish brown, primaries very narrowly margined with yellowish 
buff, secondaries and upper wing-coverts broadly margined, the latter also broadly terminated with 
tawny ochre; the two outer rectrices yellowish white, with a broad blackish brown border reaching 
from the base nearly to the tip of the inner web; remaining tail-feathers blackish brown, the central 
ones bordered with tawny ochre; from the base of the bill extending over and behind the eye a 
yellowish white stripe; lores dark brown; sides of the face yellowish white, marked with dull brown; 
throat, breast, and underparts generally rich cream-colour, rather tinged with red on the breast, on 
which are also a few scarcely perceptible light brown spots; beak blackish brown, dull yellowish 
at the base of the lower mandible; legs yellowish brown; iris dark brown. Total lemgth about 
64 inches, culmen 0:7, wing 3°75, tail 3°2, tarsus 1:0, hind toe with claw 0:7. 
Female. Similar to the male. 
Obs. As a rule specimens from various localities in Hurope, Africa, and Asia agree very closely in plumage 
and tone of colour. I have two specimens, however, one from Sweden and the other from Sardinia, 
both shot in April, which have the general colour much whiter on the underparts and greyer on the 
upper surface of the body than other examples. The spots on the breast are more distinct in some 
than in others ; but I find some eastern examples quite as much marked on the breast as any of those 
obtained in Europe. The average size of European examples is—culmen 0°68, wing 3°57, tail 2:94, 
tarsus 1:03, hind toe with claw 0-67; and those from India average—culmen 0:77, wing 3°87, tail 3:02, 
tarsus 1:03, hind toe with claw 0-61. 
Tue Tawny Pipit has a most extensive range, being met with in Europe from Scandinavia 
southwards, in Northern Africa, and in Asia eastward to China. 
