ee 
4 
Kjerbélling (Danm. Fug]. p. 148), Mr. Steenberg possessed a specimen obtained near Helsingéer. 
It has been recorded (Ibis, 1862, p. 62) from Heligoland; and Von Droste obtained two on 
Borkum in September. Professor Schlegel states that it breeds in Holland on the dunes near 
the sea, and arrives at its breeding-haunts in April, leaving again in September. De Selys 
records its arrival in Belgium in April, and states that it nests in the Ardennes. De la Fontaine 
adds that it frequents the rough land near woods, especially arid soils. Degland and Gerbe 
write that it appears irregularly in the north of France in September and March, but is more 
numerous and resident in Provence from April to September, and is there known by the name 
of “ Fiste.” Dr. Companyo states that “in the moist plains on the French side of the Eastern 
Pyrenees this species arrives in April in great numbers, and remains to breed, disappearing in 
autumn.” It has been recorded from Portugal; and Dr. E. Rey states (J. f. O. 1872, p. 152) that 
on the sterile mountains, west of Villa do Bispo, near the coast, he found it not uncommon. In 
some parts of Spain it is common; and Mr. Howard Saunders writes (Ibis, 1871, p. 216) that he 
never observed it in the fertile and well-watered country round Seville; but on the higher table- 
lands, especially in the more arid districts of the provinces of Murcia and La Mancha, it is very 
abundant, and breeds. 
Passing eastward, again, I find it occurring in Savoy during migration; but, according to 
Bailly, it is never very abundant, and it is only on the barren and stony soils at the foot of 
mountains, such as the neighbourhood of Chambéry, that it can be found breeding. In 
Tuscany, according to Savi, it appears in April, and some few remain to breed in the mountains; 
the return migration commences in August. Professor Doderlein states that it is tolerably 
abundant in Sicily on the spring and autumn migrations—in the former frequenting the low- 
lying meadows, whilst in the latter they prefer the more arid fields and the tablelands of the 
surrounding hills. The majority of the autumn visitants continue their route to Africa. In 
spring some remain to nest in the central mountains of the island; and when paired they show 
strong affection if either meets with an injury from gun or snare. 
Mr. C. A. Wright records it (Ibis, 1864, p. 61) as common in Malta ‘‘ from March to May, 
and again in the autumn;” but he never observed it during the winter. Lindermayer writes 
(Vog. Griechenl. p. 79), “it arrives in Rumelia in considerable numbers early in April, and 
frequents the dry rocky places on the lower spurs of the mountains, where it breeds, and leaves 
us again in September.” Erhardt says that it is found on the Cyclades during the winter ; and if 
this is the case, it is a resident in Greece. Mr. H. Seebohm informs me that “Anthus campestris 
is the only species of this genus which breeds in Greece. Anthus pratensis, and probably also 
cervinus and spinoletta, spend their winters in that country. Anthus arboreus passes through in 
spring and autumn on its migrations; but campestris makes Greece its summer home, arriving 
early in April, and having eggs in May. ‘This bird frequents the valleys in Greece and Asia 
Minor. Ido not remember seeing it in either country much more than a thousand feet above 
the level of the sea. It seems to prefer the open plains, and is very common in the almost 
treeless valley between the Parnassus and Thermopyle. I did not meet with it in the valleys 
south of the Parnassus; they seem to be too much wooded; they are planted with olive-trees, 
with vines between, and at a distance look like dense olive-forests. Nevertheless Anthus cam- 
pestris is by no means so exclusively a ground-bird as pratensis, and may often be seen perched 
