4 
it, and appears to doubt the above statement that it breeds in Greece, as he observes that there 
is no instance of its nest having been taken in that country. 
It has occurred in South Germany, as there is a specimen in the Vienna Museum which 
was caught near that city; and it has likewise been met with in Southern Russia. Professor von 
Nordmann writes that he obtained specimens in all stages of plumage near Odessa, and he is 
therefore inclined to believe that it breeds in New Russia. 
Dr. Th. Kriiper, in a letter from Smyrna, writes respecting this Pipit, ‘“‘it not unfre- 
quently pays us a passing visit here in April, and some few nest here.” Von Heuglin does not 
include it in his work on the ornithology of North-east Africa; but Dr. Brehm (J. f. O. 1855, 
p- 366) says that it sometimes occurs in East Africa; and Zander (J. f. O. 1853, Extrah. p. 61) 
gives North Africa as one of the countries where it has been met with. According to Loche it 
has been met with, but is very rare, in Algeria, and there is a specimen in the Museum at 
Algiers obtained near Harrach. 
In Asia it is met with as far east as China and Siam. In India it is tolerably common 
during the winter; and Dr. Jerdon writes (B. of Ind. ii. p. 232):— occurs throughout the 
greater part of India, but only found in the cold weather, up to about the end of April. It is 
found from Nepal and the Himalayas to the extreme south; more rare in Southern India, 
especially in the Carnatic, but tolerably common, indeed abundant, in Lower Bengal. It is also 
found in Ceylon, in Burmah, and other countries to the eastward. It always affects swampy 
or wet ground, grassy beds of rivers, edges of tanks, and especially wet rice-fields, either singly 
or in small parties. Its flight is strong, elegant, and undulating; and it flies some distance in 
general before it alights again.” Mr. Blanford met with it at Bassein, in the Ivawadi valley ; 
Sir R. H. Schomburgk obtained it in Siam ; and I have before me a specimen, from the collection 
of Lord Walden, obtained at Camboja. In China it appears to be by no means uncommon. 
Mr. R. Swinhoe informs me that it “is found throughout the winter in South China, being most 
common on the dry uncultivated hills, where, when disturbed, it rises with a loud chay, which it 
repeats at nearly every rise in its undulating flight. Specimens I have obtained vary much in 
size and fulvescence, for which I have accounted by the supposition that they come on their 
migration southwards from different geographical areas. Some remain during the summer at 
Amoy; but I believe the darkest race (A. sinensis, Bp.) resorts at that season to the neighbouring 
hills, where it breeds. I have found a very similar, but lighter, race on the hills at Foochow, 
further north, in July, but have not had the gratification of finding its nest.” This gentleman 
also states (Ibis, 1863, p. 311) that it is a very rare straggler to Formosa. 
Dr. Dybowski writes (J. f. O. 1868, p. 334) that it is common in Dauria, and remains there 
to breed; but he gives no information as to its habits or nidification, excepting that he found its 
nest, and that it deposits five or six eggs. Dr. G. Radde records, under the name of A. cam- 
pestris (Reis. im Siid. v. O.Sib. p. 222), a Pipit which, I think, may probably prove to be the 
present species; but without having examined his specimens it is impossible to state that this is 
the case. He speaks of it as being not uncommon in the stony elevated steppes of East Siberia, 
frequenting the damp meadows, especially near conifer-growth. It arrived at the Tarei-nor on 
the 9th May, 1856. 
It is curious that, although this bird has been so frequently met with in various parts of 
