301 
ANTHUS LUDOVICIANUS. 
(PENNSYLVANIAN PIPIT.) 
Alauda pensilvanica, Briss. Orn. App. p. 94. no. 13 (1760). 
La Farlouzanne, Montb. Hist. Nat. Ois. v. p. 38 (1778). 
LT’ Alouette aux joues brunes de Pensilvanie, Montb. tom. cit. p. 58 (1778). 
Alauda ludoviciana, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 793 (1788). 
Alauda rubra, Gmel. tom. cit. p. 794 (1788). 
Alauda pennsylvanica, Bonn. 'Tabl. Encycl. & Méthod. i. p. 319 (1790). 
Motacilla hudsonica, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 503 (1790). 
The Lark from Pensilvania, Edw. Gleanings, vi. p. 185, pl. 297 (1806). 
Anthus rubens, Merrem in Ersch & Grub. Ene. iv. p. 290 (1820). 
Anthus ludovicianus (Gm.), Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 37 (1823). 
Alauda rufa, Wils. Am. Orn. ii. p. 313, pl. 42. fig. 4 (1828, nec Gm.). 
Anthus spinoletta, Bp. Syn. p. 90 (1828, nec Linn.). 
Anthus aquaticus, Swainson, Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 23 (1831, nec Bechst.). 
Anthus pipiens, Aud. Orn. Biog. i. p. 408, pl. 80 (1832). 
Anthus pratensis japonicus, 'Temm. & Schl. Fauna Japonica, p. 59, pl. 24 (1850). 
Anthus reinhardtii, Holb. Fauna Gronl. p. 25 (1854). 
Anthus pennsylvanicus (Bonn.), Zander, Naumannia, 1854, p. 13. 
Anthus hypogeus, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxviii. p. 65, footnote (1854). 
Anthus japonicus, Swinh. Ibis, 1861, p. 333. 
Figure notabiles. 
Aud. 7. ¢.; id. B. Am. iii. pl. 50; Wils. Am. Orn. pl. 42. fig. 4. 
Ad. supra viridi-olivaceus, pileo et dorso indistincté nigro-fusco notatis: remigibus saturaté fuscis, primariis 
angusté, secundarlis conspicué cervino marginatis: tectricibus alarum griseo-cervino marginatis: 
rectricibus centralibus fusco-olivaceis, reliquis nigro-fuscis, rectrice extima utrinque in dimidio apicali 
oblique albis, rectrice secunda apice albo notata: corpore subtus cervino, gutture imo conspicue nigro- 
fusco notato, hypochondriis fusco striatis: stria superciliari cervind: rostro, pedibus et iride fuscis. 
Adult Male (San Antonio, 10th January). Crown, nape, back, and rump greenish olivaceous, the crown 
and back with faint blackish spots here and there; quills dark brown, the primaries with narrow, the 
secondaries with broad buffy grey margins; wing-coverts broadly margined with greyish buff; central 
rectrices like the back, but darker, the remainder blackish, the outer feather on each side with the 
terminal half obliquely white, the next with a long, white terminal spot; underparts honey-buff, the 
chin rather paler; lower throat and breast boldly spotted and blotched with dark brown, and the 
flanks slightly striped with the same colour; streak over the eye pale buff; bill and legs dark brown; 
iris dark brown. Total length about 6:5 inches, culmen 0:5, wing 3:3, tail 2:7, tarsus 0:9, hind toe 
3uU 2 
