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4 
Dawson Rowley, I have not been able to examine a single British-killed Water-Pipit. The 
specimen figured by Mr. Gould is now in the collection of the Bishop of Winchester; and I have 
not had an opportunity of examining it. 
_ It is said by Thompson and Canon Tristram to have occurred in Ireland; but I am doubtful 
as to whether the bird found there is really A. spinoletta, and think that it may prove to be 
A. rupestris. 
The present species, so far as I can ascertain, has not been met with in Sweden or Norway ; 
and records of its occurrence there must be taken to refer to Anthus rupestris. I know from 
experience how prone an unpractised eye is to make a mistake in these Pipits; for the first 
specimens of A. rupestris which I received from Norway, being in full spring-plumage, with the 
breast faintly washed with red, were mistaken by me for examples of the Water-Pipit; and upon 
my identification of these specimens my friend Mr. Collett included the present species in the 
avifauna of Norway. One of these specimens I yet have; and the grey band on the outer tail- 
feather clearly shows it to be a Rock-Pipit. I do not find it recorded as having been met with 
in Finland; and regarding its occurrence in Russia, Mr. L. Sabanaeff writes that he doubts if it 
occurs in Central Russia, but, according to Daniloff, it breeds in the Government of Orloff; he 
(Sabandeff) met with it commonly in July and August in the Pavdinska Dacha in the Ural, and 
likewise observed it singly in the southern portions of the Ekaterinburg and Shadrinsk districts. 
It probably breeds, he thinks, in the Kaslinsky and Keshtemsky Ural. Hoffmann met with it 
in 61° and 632° N. lat.; and Eversmann states that it occurs on the southern slopes of the Ural 
and in the Kirghis steppes. 
In Poland it is, Mr. Taczanowski informs me, “ found during migration, but is rare, though 
in the mountains of Galicia, where it breeds and remains during the entire summer, it~ is 
numerous.” It occurs in Northern Germany. Boeck does not appear to have obtained it in 
Prussia; but Borggreve states that it is found during the summer in the low wood-growth in the 
Riesen-Gebirge, and occurs on the coast as well as near the inland streams and sheets of water, 
more especially in the mountains, being also seen in the winter on passage. Mr. C. Sachse 
informs me that he has only observed it twice near Altenkirchen, in Rhenish Prussia, during 
the winter season, when, the ground being covered with snow, it was seen in the ditches near 
running water. According to Kjerbolling (Danm. Fugl. p. 144) it occurs in Denmark during 
migration, and he himself shot examples both in the spring and the autumn in South-east 
Jutland, but he is unaware as to whether it breeds in that country. Baron De Selys-Long- 
champs writes that it remains in Belgium throughout the winter season, arriving in October 
and leaving in March; and I have a specimen in full winter-plumage obtained near Leiden, in 
Holland. It occurs in Lorraine; and Degland and Gerbe (Orn. Eur. i. p. 371) record it as 
occurring in France during the spring and autumn migrations, and as inhabiting the mountains 
of Eastern and Southern France in the spring and summer. Jaubert and Barthélemy-Lapom- 
meraye also speak of it as found in Southern France in the spring and autumn on its way to and 
from the Basses-Alps, where it breeds. Professor Barboza du Bocage includes it in his list of 
Portuguese birds as “rare,” giving no further particulars; and both Major Irby and Mr. Howard 
Saunders record it from Spain. The former states (Ibis, 1872, p. 201) that he met with it “in 
the breeding-season on the high bare ground of the Sierra del Nifio, between Algeciraz and 
