5 
Tarifa, at an elevation of about 2500 feet;” but Mr. Saunders only obtained it in winter at 
Malaga, and in the mud flats near Cadiz, where it was not numerous. 
Passing: eastward, again, I find it, according to Bailly (Orn. de la Sav. iii. p. 346), recorded 
as occurring in Switzerland and Savoy, and common at all seasons of the year, frequenting the 
lowlands during the winter, and retiring to the mountains to breed, numbers being at that season 
of the year met with on Mont Grenier, Alpétaz, Nivolet, Margériaz, Rozannaz, Mont Tréloz, 
Bauges, Mont Cenis, the Maurienne, Tarentaise, and Haut Faucigny Alps. In the winter season 
numbers are found in the marshes and on the meadows of Bissy, la Motte-Servolex, Bourget, and 
Albens. It is more abundant in the north of Italy than in other parts; according to Doderlein 
it nests in the Modenese mountains; and according to Bettoni a few pairs do so every year in 
the higher regions of Lombardy. In Sicily it is rare; and Professor Doderlein has not succeeded 
in obtaining it near Palermo, though Cav. L. Benoit procured specimens near Messina. Salvadori 
says nothing as to its occurrence in Sardinia; but Doderlein states that it occurs there in the 
winter. Mr. C. A. Wright records (Ibis, 1864, p. 62) one occurrence on Malta, he having shot 
one by the sea-side on Fort-Manoel Island on the 5th of November, 1860. Both Lindermayer 
_ and Von der Miihle refer to Anthus cervinus as found in Greece during the summer season; but I 
feel convinced that the bird they speak of is not the Red-throated Pipit, but the present species. 
Unfortunately these gentlemen give no descriptions; and hence it is impossible to say with 
certainty what species of Pipit it is about which they write. I have a specimen from Greece 
shot in November by Dr. Kriiper, which shows that it occurs there in the winter season; and 
Von der Muhle also states that he met with it on the coast during severe seasons. It winters in 
Southern Germany; and Seidensacher states that it arrives at Cilli, in Styria, in November, 
remains over the winter, and leaves in February and March. Messrs. Elwes and Buckley record 
it from Turkey, on the authority of Mr. Robson; and I have examined several specimens obtained 
by that collector near Constantinople. In Southern Russia Professor von Nordmann met with it 
in the most rugged portions of the Adshara Mountains, often at an elevation of 7000 feet, but in 
the plains he only observed it on three or four occasions during the spring migration, and by May 
it had quite deserted the lower regions. Mr. Strickland (P. Z. 8. 1836, p. 99) obtained it on the 
coast of Asia Minor, near Smyrna; and Canon Tristram writes as follows (Ibis, 1866, p. 289) 
respecting its occurrence in Palestine :—“ Anthus spinoletta we shot but once, in the marshes of 
the Huleh in spring, but saw it several times in winter near Jericho, where I took a nest of six 
eggs in April, which I can only refer to this bird, though unfortunately I did not identify them. 
I also possess a specimen shot at Wady Feiran, near Mount Sinai, in March, a most unlikely 
locality. It is, however, well known as an Egyptian bird. The specimens exactly correspond 
with one I shot on the east coast of Ireland.” Mr. C. W. Wyatt (Ibis, 1870, p. 15) met with it 
on the peninsula of Sinai, frequenting the salt ponds near Tor; and it occurs in North-eastern 
Africa, where, according to Captain Shelley (B. of Egypt, p. 132), “it is a winter visitor to Egypt, 
when it probably ranges throughout the country, but has not, to my knowledge, been met with 
in Nubia. It is most plentiful in the Fayoom and Delta, where I found it very abundant in the 
marshes in February and March.” 
It has likewise been met with in North-western Africa, where it generally occurs in autumn 
and winter, and, according to Loche, is found frequenting the low, moist plains and the margins 
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