ANTHUS OBSCURUS. 
(ROCK-PIPIT.) 
Alauda obscura, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 494 (1790). 
Alauda petrosa, Mont. Trans. Linn. Soe. iv. p. 41 (1798). 
Spipola obscura, Leach, Syst. Cat. B. & M. Brit. Mus. p. 22 (1816). 
Anthus rupestris, Nilss. Orn. Suec. i. p. 245 (1817). 
Alauda campestris, Bewick, Brit. Birds, i. p. 217 (1826, nec Linn.). 
Anthus petrosus (Mont.), Flem. Brit. Anim. p. 74 (1828). 
Anthus littoralis, C. L. Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 331 (1831). 
Anthus aquaticus, Selby, Brit. Orn. i. p. 258 (1833, nec Bechst.). 
Anthus obscurus, Keys. & Blas. Wirbelth. p. 48 (1840). 
Anthus spinoletta, Macg. Man. Brit. B. i. p. 169 (1846, nec Linn.). 
Anthus immutabilis, Degl. Orn. Europe, i. p. 429 (1849). 
Pipi obscur, French; Spioncello settentrionale, Italian; Strandpieper, German; Oeverpieper, 
Dutch; Skjyer-Piber, Danish; Skjer-Piblerke, Norwegian; Skdarpiplirka, Swedish ; Luo- 
tokirvinen, Finnish, 
Figure notabiles. 
Kjerb. Orn. Dan. taf. 17; Naumann, Vog. Deutschl. taf. 371. figs. 1, 2; Sundevall, Svensk. 
Fogl. pl. 9. fig. 1; Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 138; id. B. of G. Brit. iii. pl. 10, and pl. 11. hind 
figure; Schlegel, Vog. Nederl. pl. 95; Nilss. Orn. Suec. i. pl. 9. 
3 ad. ptil. est. corpore supra olivaceo nigro-fusco striato, uropygio vix striato et magis olivaceo: remigibus 
nigro-fuscis, pallidiore marginatis, tectricibus alarum pallidé olivaceo terminatis: rectricibus nigro- 
fuseis olivaceo marginatis, centralibus eodem colore lavatis, rectricibus externis utrinque obliqué 
fumoso-cinereo terminatis: strid superciliari flavido-cervind: corpore subtus flavo-cervino, gutture, 
pectore et hypochondriis obscuré fusco-olivaceo -striatis: subalaribus pallidé fumoso-cinereis flavo- 
olivaceo lavatis: rostro fusco, mandibulaé ad basin aurantiaco-brunned: pedibus rufescenti-fuscis : 
iride fusca. 
Ptil. hiem. corpore supra pallidiore et subtts magis albido et minus striato, gula fere immaculata. 
Adult Male in summer (Fern Islands, May). Upper parts olivaceous, obscurely streaked with dark brown, 
each feather having a dark centre; rump scarcely marked with brown, and more olivaceous than the 
rest of the upper parts; wings dark brown; primaries with narrow pale brown edgings on the outer 
web; secondaries and wing-coverts broadly margined and tipped with pale olivaceous; tail-feathers 
blackish brown, edged with olivaceous, the two central rectrices washed with that colour, and the outer- 
most on each side with a broad oblique smoke-grey terminal band ; over the eye an indistinct yellowish 
buff streak ; underparts buffy yellow, or almost dirty honey-yellow on the breast ; throat, excepting the 
