bf 
2 
chin, and flanks with broad, obscurely defined, dark brown or olive-brown streaks; under wing-coverts 
pale smoke-grey washed with pale yellowish olive; bill dull brown, the base of the under mandible dull 
orange-brown ; legs reddish brown; iris brown. ‘Total length about 6°5 inches, culmen 0°78, wing 3:5, 
tail 2:65, tarsus 0:95, hind toe with claw 0°75. 
Adult Male in winter plumage (Bexhill, Sussex, 2nd October). Differs from the above in being paler and 
having the underparts much whiter and less streaked, the entire centre of the throat being almost 
unmarked. It has the underparts, however, washed with dull yellowish, and therein differs conspi- 
cuously from A. spinoletta, which, in winter plumage, has the ground-colour of the underparts pure 
white. 
THE range of this species is extremely limited, compared with that of several others of this group, 
as it is found only in Northern Europe during the summer and in Central and Southern Europe 
during the winter. 
In Great Britain it is tolerably common all round the coast, frequenting the rocky portions 
in preference to the flat and marshy localities, and breeds from Cornwall up to the extreme north 
of Scotland. Mr. J. Gatcombe informs me that it is “resident, and breeds on the coasts of 
Devon and Cornwall, but their numbers are greatly increased in spring and autumn.” Mr. Cecil 
Smith also writes that he finds it common and resident on the Somersetshire coast, and has taken 
its nest near Weston-super-Mare. On the coasts of Norfolk it does not appear to be common. 
Mr. H. Stevenson has sent to me for examination some specimens of the vinous-breasted form, 
which he informs me were killed within the bounds of the city of Norwich, on the 7th of March 
1864; and the date is remarkable, as they were doubtless migrants resting to feed in a locality 
very unusual for this species. He further informs me that several examples of the ordinary 
form have been killed on various parts of the coast in autumn and winter, at which season it is 
not so very rare; but he adds that he has no reason to suppose that it ever remains there to 
breed. Mr. Cordeaux says (B. Humb. Distr. p. 44) that it is rarely met with on the flat Lincoln- 
shire coast, and then only in the autumn, but it is numerous near Flamborough Head (on the 
Yorkshire coast) and he has seen it at Spurn, where it breeds; during the autumn it is occa- 
sionally met with within the Humber. Mr. Hancock states that it is a resident on the rocky 
sea-shores of Northumberland and Durham, remaining there throughout the year. 
In Scotland it is common; and Macgillivray writes that it is found on most of the coasts, 
especially those which are rocky, and is not uncommon in the Hebrides; and Mr. Robert Gray 
(B. of W. of Scotl. p. 117) states that “on all the western islands, including the Outer Hebrides, 
Monach Isles, Haskar Rocks, and St. Kilda, it is equally common, breeding in similar situations, 
and keeping strictly to the sea-margin.” Mr. Dunn found it very abundant in all parts of 
Shetland; and Captain Clark-Kennedy informs me that he has met with it very abundantly 
along the shores of Caithness, Sutherland, and others of the northern counties of Scotland, and 
especially numerous on the Orkneys. 
In Thompson’s ‘ Birds of Ireland’ (i. p. 227) we read, this Pipit ‘“‘inhabits the sea-coasts 
throughout the year, and has on those of the north, east, west, and south commonly occurred 
to me. Although this species does not appear in Mr. Templeton’s published Catalogue of Irish 
